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中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (18): 65-70.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0093

所属专题: 小麦

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

免耕条件下提高冬小麦播种质量及其产量的研究

孙建军   

  • 收稿日期:2014-01-09 修回日期:2014-03-11 出版日期:2014-06-25 发布日期:2014-06-25
  • 基金资助:
    山东省自然科学基金“农业系统模型参数校正与优化方法研究”(ZR2010CQ010);2011青岛市科技发展计划“青岛市保护性耕作技术与高产高效配套栽培技术集成与示范”(11-2-3-18-nsh)。

Improving Planting Quality and Crop Yield for No Tillage Winter Wheat

  • Received:2014-01-09 Revised:2014-03-11 Online:2014-06-25 Published:2014-06-25

摘要: 保护性耕作对冬小麦产量的影响在不同区域差异很大,研究与其相适应的配套栽培方式对提高免耕播种质量及其增产效应具有重要意义。本文研究了在半湿润区免耕秸秆覆盖条件下3种机具播种方式(机具+行距)和3个播量水平对冬小麦播种质量及其产量形成的影响,结果表明:免耕秸秆覆盖条件下机具播种方式对冬小麦生长及产量有显著影响,其中小宽窄行机具播种方式播种质量最优,表现为基本苗、群体数量、叶面积指数、干物质重最高,产量比其它两种机具播种方式(大宽窄行和宽行宽带播种方式)分别增产29.6%和25.8%(2010年~2012年),主要是穗数的提高(30.2%和36.2%)。播量与机具播种方式存在显著交互效应,增加播量是弥补免耕播种出苗率低的重要栽培措施。3年的试验结果表明小宽窄行机具播种方式与增加20%播量组合最优,可作为该区域保护性耕作免耕播种方式。

关键词: 温度, 温度

Abstract: No tillage winter wheat yield varied with different climate and soil conditions across regions, and adapting crop management to no tillage across different climate conditions is essential to obtaining high crop yield. In this study, three planting patterns with different no tillage seeders (A1, 12×28 cm, A2, 20×40 cm, and A3, 30×30 cm) planting pattern) and planting rates (B1 (225 kg/hm-2), 10% increase (B2, 247.5 kg/hm-2), and 20% increase (B3, 270 kg/hm-2) were designed under conversation tillage from 2009 to 2012, and their effects on crop growth and grain yield were analyzed. The results showed significant effects of plant pattern on wheat growth and yield, and A1B1 produced highest basic seeding, plant population, leaf area index, aboveground biomass and crop yield compared with other two sowing patterns. Increased spike number was the main contributor to increased wheat yield under conservation tillage. Increasing sowing rate improved spike number and crop yield, and can be considered as an important measures to cope with the low basic seeding under conservation tillage. Interactions between planting pattern and sowing rate significantly affected spike number and final crop yield. The three year results show that A1B2 can be considered as the reasonable crop management for the conservation tillage in the region.