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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2014, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (22): 310-315.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0154

所属专题： 园艺

• 植物保护 农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

7种杀菌剂对桑树及家蚕的安全性评价

谢道燕 杨振国 田梅金 柴建萍 倪婧 达爱斯 黄平 罗雁婕   

  • 收稿日期:2014-01-15 修回日期:2014-04-23 出版日期:2014-08-05 发布日期:2014-08-05
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金 “蚕桑” (CARS-22-SYZ27)。

Safety Evaluation of Seven Fungicides to Morus alba and Bombyx mori

  • Received:2014-01-15 Revised:2014-04-23 Online:2014-08-05 Published:2014-08-05

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摘要： 为明确桑园常用的杀菌剂在不同剂量下对桑树及家蚕安全性。评价了常用杀菌剂80%代森锰锌WP、70%丙森锌WP、80%戊唑醇WP、30%苯甲?丙环唑EC、50%百菌清WP、50%嘧菌酯WG和22.5%啶氧菌酯SC对桑树的安全性及药后不同间隔期的桑叶对家蚕的影响。结果表明：7种杀菌剂在4倍推荐剂量范围内喷施桑树后均未产生药害；除30%苯甲?丙环唑EC、50%嘧菌酯WG、22.5%啶氧菌酯SC在4倍推荐剂量药后3天出现中毒外，其他处理无明显中毒现象。家蚕取食80%代森锰锌WP、70%丙森锌WP和22.5%啶氧菌酯SC在4倍推荐剂量处理药后3天的桑叶后，其4龄未眠蚕率分别为23.44%、28.33%、53.70%，4龄和5龄龄期比对照延长0.5~1.5天，药后3天和5天处理的全茧量和茧层量显著低于对照，其他杀菌剂处理与对照对家蚕的影响不存在显著性差异。因此，本研究的7种杀菌剂在桑园使用时，至少在药后7天后方可采叶喂蚕，特别是80%代森锰锌WP、70%丙森锌WP和22.5%啶氧菌酯SC应控制好使用剂量及间隔期。

关键词: 对策, 对策

Abstract: Safety of Morus alba and Bombyx mori to seven commonly used fungicides, 80% mancozeb WP, 70% propineb WP, 80% tebuconazole WP, 30% difenoconazole and propiconazole EC, 50% chlorothalonil WP, 50% azoxystrobin WG and 22.5% picoxystrobin SC, was evaluated, aimed to understand their safety to M. alba and B. mori. The result indicated that mulberry was safe after sprayed seven fungicides within 4 times the recommended dose range. There were intoxication of 4 times the dose of 30% difenoconazole and propiconazole EC, 50% azoxystrobin WG and 22.5% picoxystrobin SC to B. mori at after 3 d, and other treatment had not significant toxicity. Silkworm fed mulberry leaves that treated 80% mancozeb WP, 70% propineb WP and 22.5% picoxystrobin SC at 4 times the recommended dose after 3 d, which the sleepless rates were 23.44 %, 28.33% and 53.70%, respectively, and 4 and 5 instar than controls to extend 0.5-1.5 d, the cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight were significantly lower than the control, but other fungicides were not significant difference. Therefore, silkworms fed mulberry leaves sprayed by seven fungicides at least after 7 d, especially 80% mancozeb WP, 70% propineb WP and 22.5% picoxystrobin SC should control the dosage and interval.