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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (20): 233-238.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010231

• 工程 机械 水利 装备 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同大小棚旱育苗方式对棚温及秧苗素质的影响

孟令君1,李彦利1,韩康顺1,贾玉敏1,时 羽1,邵玺文2   

  1. (1通化市农业科学研究院,吉林通化 135007；2吉林农业大学,长春 130118）
  • 收稿日期:2015-01-30 修回日期:2015-07-07 接受日期:2015-03-25 出版日期:2015-07-28 发布日期:2015-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 李彦利
  • 基金资助:
    吉林省农业产业技术创新战略联盟“高产、优质、抗病水稻新品种“通禾858、通禾99”中试与示范项目(20130305039NY)。

Effect of Different Sizes of Shed Dry Nursery on Greenhouse Temperature and Seedling Quality

Meng Lingjun1, Li Yanli1, Han Kangshun1, Jia Yumin1, Shi Yu1, Shao Xiwen2   

  1. (1Tonghua Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tonghua Jilin 135007;2Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118)
  • Received:2015-01-30 Revised:2015-07-07 Accepted:2015-03-25 Online:2015-07-28 Published:2015-07-28

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摘要： 为剖析大、中、小3种棚膜旱育苗方式在吉林稻作区的孰优孰劣，以‘通引58’、‘通禾836’、‘通禾835’为试材，采用吉林稻区目前普遍推广的大棚、中棚、小棚旱育苗方式，就活动积温和有效积温、秧苗素质方面进行调查统计分析。3种旱育苗方式不同时间段活动积温和有效积温高低均表现为：大棚旱育苗>中棚旱育苗>小旱育苗。不同旱育苗方式出现超过水稻生物学上限温度次数多少表现为：大棚旱育苗>小棚旱育苗>中棚旱育苗规律；出现低于生物学下限温度次数多少表现为：小棚旱育苗>中棚旱育苗>大棚旱育苗。在秧苗素质方面，不同旱育苗方式之间的株高、根数、地上干重和出苗率差异显著，其高低、多少均呈现大棚旱育苗方式>小棚旱育苗>中棚旱育苗规律；叶龄、茎数上大棚旱育苗显著高于其他2种旱育苗方式，而中棚、小棚旱育苗差异并不显著；地上干重大棚和中棚旱育苗之间无显著差异，但二者都显著大于小棚旱育苗。生产中提倡使用大棚旱育苗方式，其次是中棚旱育苗，但大棚一定要提早和延长通风炼苗的时间；而小棚旱育苗在吉林省夜间积温较低地区建议不用或少用，若用应留意夜间低温，进而采取保温措施。

关键词: 春小麦, 春小麦, 滴灌, 氮肥, 钾肥, 产量

Abstract: To investigate and indentify the superior mode among big, middle and small shed dry nursery methods in japonica rice regions in North China, taking ‘Tongyin58’,‘Tonghe836’ and ‘Tonghe835’ as test materials, the author conducted statistic analysis of the active and effective accumulated temperature, seedling quality of big/middle/small shed dry nursery methods, which were used at present in japonica rice regions of Jilin Province. The active and effective accumulated temperature levels at given time were the same of different dry nursery methods, and the result was as follows: big shed>middle shed>small shed. The times when the thermometer reading above the biological high temperature of rice of different dry nursery methods showed the result as: big shed>small shed>middle shed. The times when the thermometer reading below the biological low temperature of rice of different dry nursery methods showed the result as: small shed>middle shed>big shed. There were significant differences of rice seedling quality of different dry nursery methods on plant height, root number, aboveground dry weight and emergence rate, and the performance trend was as follows: big shed>small shed>middle shed. The leaf age and stem number in the big shed had the highest value among the three nursery methods, while there was no significant difference between the small and middle shed. The aboveground dry weight between big shed and middle shed also showed no obvious difference, but the one of small shed was significantly lower than that of the other two. The big shed dry nursery method was promoted to be used in production, followed by the middle shed dry nursery method. But for the big shed dry nursery method, we should move up and extend the time of ventilation hardening-seedling. Small shed dry nursery method was suggested not to be used or used less in areas of low night temperature in Jinlin Province, if it was used, we should pay attention to the low temperature at night and take the insulation measures.