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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (25): 85-89.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030201

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

5个苹果专用授粉品种植物学特征与生物学特性研究

王贵平,薛晓敏,陈汝,王金政   

  1. 山东省果树研究所,山东省果树研究所,山东省果树研究所,山东省果树研究所
  • 收稿日期:2015-03-25 修回日期:2015-07-24 接受日期:2015-05-25 出版日期:2015-09-23 发布日期:2015-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 王金政
  • 基金资助:
    现代农业产业技术体系建设专项“国家苹果产业技术体系”(CARS-28)。

Study on Botany Characteristics and Biology Characteristics of Five Special Pollination Apple Varieties

  • Received:2015-03-25 Revised:2015-07-24 Accepted:2015-05-25 Online:2015-09-23 Published:2015-09-23

摘要： 为实现苹果单品种建园，选育适宜专用授粉树，研究了‘道格’、‘绚丽’、‘红丽’、‘满洲里’、‘雪球’5 个观赏海棠品种的植物学、生物学性状、花粉特性及果实品质。结果表明，供试品种盛花期为4 月7—20日，和栽培品种花期相遇，‘道格’和‘满洲里’花期较早，盛花期分别为4月7日、4月9日，‘绚丽’和‘红丽’均为4月12日，‘雪球’为4月20日。供试品种花粉量大，‘道格’、‘满洲里’、‘红丽’、‘雪球’和‘绚丽’分别为13384、13162、7426、6074、6003粒/花药。单果重‘道格’最大(12.98 g)，其次是‘雪球’(10.66 g)、‘绚丽’(2.59 g)，‘红丽’和‘满洲里’较小（均为2.00 g）。果型指数与单果重趋势基本一致。种子数不尽相同，‘红丽’和‘雪球’为7 颗/果，‘满洲里’6 颗/果，‘道格’和‘绚丽’为4 颗/果。可溶性糖含量以‘道格’最高(18.49%)，其次是‘满洲里’(16.33%)、‘雪球’(16.11%)、‘绚丽’(15.98%)，‘红丽’较低为14.20%；可滴定酸‘红丽’最高为1.16%，‘绚丽’为0.99%、‘满洲里’为0.90%，‘道格’最低为0.80%。初步认为，供试品种适宜作为国内的苹果专用授粉树。

关键词: 美国山核桃, 美国山核桃, 5个品种, 开花, 物候期

Abstract: The study aims to realize single apple variety breeding of apple orchard early, improve apple production efficiency and breeding a good pollination variety, thus to provide suitable and efficient pollination tree for China’s apple planting. 5 apple special pollination trees including Malus‘Dolgo’, M.‘Red splender’, M.‘Radiant’, M.‘Manchurica’and M.‘Snowdrift’which were 10 years old were used as the test materials, and the botanical, biological and pollen characteristics, as well as fruit characters and qualities were observed and analyzed. The results showed that the flowering of the tested crabapple (Malus sp.) varieties met with that of the major cultivars like‘Gala’,‘Golden marshal’and‘Fuji’apple and so on. Pollen grain quantity per anther of these special pollination cultivars were all large, and the pollen grain quantity per anther of M.‘Dolgo’, M.‘Manchurica’, M.‘Red splender’, M.‘Snowdrift’and M.‘Radiant’were 13384, 13162, 7426, 6074 and 6003 grain/anther, respectively. Fruit weight was different among the tested varieties, the fruit weight of M.‘Dolgo’was the largest which was 12.98 g, followed by that of M.‘Snowdrift’and M.‘Radiant’which were 10.66 g and 2.59 g respectively, and the fruit weight of M.‘Red splender’and M.‘Manchurica’were smaller which were both 2.00 g. The trend of fruit shape index was in consistent with that of the fruit weight. The number of seeds of M.‘Red splender’and M.‘Snowdrift’were 7 per fruit, and that of M.‘Manchurica’ was 6 per fruit, while M.‘Dolgo’and M.‘Radiant’both had 4 seeds per fruit. M.‘Dolgo’had the highest soluble sugar content which was 18.49%, followed by M.‘Manchurica’(16.33%), M.‘Snowdrift’(16.11%) and M.‘Radiant’(15.98%), and M.‘Red splender’had the lowest soluble sugar content which was 14.20%. M.‘Red splender’had the highest titratable acid content which was 1.16%, followed by M.‘Radiant’(0.99%) and M.‘Manchurica’(0.90%), titratable acid content was the lowest in M.‘Dolgo’which was 0.80%. In conclusion, the 5 tested varieties are suitable to be China’s apple special pollinizers.