侧芽数对西红花球茎产量与开花的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0047

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

西红花只能通过无性繁殖方式繁育球茎,探索培育开花大球茎与增加后代子球茎数量之间的平衡点,可以为西红花栽培与生产过程中规模的进一步扩大奠定理论基础。以4个等级单球重(8~15、16~20、21~25、26~30 g)的西红花球茎为材料,通过抹除侧芽与不抹芽对比试验,分析其后代子球茎的数量、质量及开花时间、开花量等数据。结果表明,球茎单球重越大,能形成子球茎的数量越多。未抹芽的子球茎生物量整体呈增加趋势,但单株子球茎均重和主芽子球茎均重均整体呈下降趋势。单球重20 g以上的母球,可以保留芽数量最多至5个左右,既能得到更多的子球茎,也不影响新形成顶芽球茎开花及开花量。

关键词: 西红花, 侧芽, 子球茎, 开花量, 开花时间

Abstract:

Crocus sativus is propagated exclusively in a vegetative way by corms, and to explore the balance between cultivating large flowering corms and increasing the number of replacement corms can lay a theoretical foundation for the further expansion of production scale of C. sativus. Four grades of C. sativus corms with different weights (8-15, 16-20, 21-25 and 26-30 g) were used as materials, the number, weight, flowering time and flowering number of the replacement corms were analyzed under the comparative experiment by wiping or not wiping lateral buds of mother corms. The results showed that the larger the weight of the corm, the greater the number of replacement corms could be formed. The biomass of replacement corms from not wiped mother corms showed an overall increase trend, but the average weight of the corms from one mother corm and the average weight of the corms from the main bud showed an overall downward trend. The single mother corm of more than 20 g could retain the number of buds up to about 5, which could get more replacement corms and did not affect the flowering and flowering number of newly formed corms from the main bud.

Key words: Crocus sativus, lateral bud, replacement corm, flowering number, flowering time

中图分类号:

王桢, 杨柳燕, 杨贞, 张永春. 侧芽数对西红花球茎产量与开花的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2022, 38(16): 56-61.

WANG Zhen, YANG Liuyan, YANG Zhen, ZHANG Yongchun. Effects of the Number of Lateral Buds on Corm Production and Flowering of Crocus sativus[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(16): 56-61.

图/表 4

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母球茎单球重/g	处理	子球茎数/个	单株子球茎总重/g	单株子球茎均重/g	主芽子球茎均重/g
8~15	抹芽	1.80±0.42	19.67±3.72b	12.39±4.05a	12.39±4.05a
	未抹芽	2	22.02±7.43b	11.01±3.72a	12.77±4.40a
		3	21.87±6.20b	7.29±2.07b	12.86±3.49a
		4	22.26±4.21b	5.57±1.05bcd	12.68±3.25a
		5	31.03±5.41a	6.30±1.11bc	12.67±2.26a
		6	31.72±3.60a	5.28±0.60bcd	10.74±0.91ab
		7	30.76±5.36a	4.39±0.77cde	9.50±2.01bc
		8	28.81±1.49a	3.60±0.19de	8.35±0.87bc
		9	26.95±1.68a	2.99±0.19e	7.13±0.93c
16~20	抹芽	1.80±0.42	36.88±6.57bcd	21.06±3.50a	21.06±3.50a
	未抹芽	2	35.69±7.10cd	17.85±3.55b	19.56±5.92ab
		3	36.19±2.83bcd	12.06±0.94c	19.02±3.77ab
		4	40.02±4.99abc	10.01±1.25d	17.46±3.15b
		5	34.06±3.10d	6.81±0.62e	11.79±1.07c
		6	38.23±5.56abcd	6.37±0.93e	11.68±2.48c
		7	40.93±5.49ab	5.85±0.78ef	11.44±2.55c
		8	43.05±3.70a	5.38±0.46ef	11.98±1.35c
		9	38.70±1.72abcd	4.35±0.09f	8.01±0.69d
21~25	抹芽	2.14±0.38	51.16±6.44abc	23.68±3.79a	23.68±3.79a
	未抹芽	2	46.80±4.57bc	23.40±2.29a	23.40±2.29a
		3	47.30±8.96bc	15.77±2.98b	20.52±3.74ab
		4	53.18±5.16abc	13.30±1.29bc	21.56±2.39ab
		5	57.98±9.10ab	11.60±1.82cd	20.33±5.45ab
		6	54.28±7.00abc	9.05±1.17d	18.02±3.72bc
		7	56.72±10.57abc	8.10±1.51d	15.26±2.62cd
		8	60.14±13.88a	7.52±1.74d	14.78±4.18cd
		9	62.70±6.49a	6.97±0.72de	15.25±2.97cd
		10	45.54±7.62c	4.56±0.76e	11.30±1.01d
26~30	抹芽	2.17±0.39	55.86±9.03bc	25.57±1.97a	25.57±1.97a
	未抹芽	2	50.48±5.9c	25.24±2.95a	25.24±2.95a
		3	59.08±5.34bc	19.69±1.78b	22.17±3.74ab
		4	55.74±9.75bc	13.94±2.44c	19.39±4.29b
		5	59.02±12.68bc	11.80±2.54cd	20.29±5.09b
		6	63.64±7.34b	10.61±1.22de	19.76±2.75b
		7	66.52±9.98ab	9.50±1.29de	19.20±4.03b
		8	66.78±6.49ab	8.35±0.81ef	17.22±3.32bc
		9	75.18±10.49a	8.35±1.16ef	17.82±3.67bc
		10	62.76±6.7b	6.28±0.67f	13.89±2.15c

母球茎单球重/g	处理	子球茎数/个	单株子球茎总重/g	单株子球茎均重/g	主芽子球茎均重/g
8~15	抹芽	1.80±0.42	19.67±3.72b	12.39±4.05a	12.39±4.05a
	未抹芽	2	22.02±7.43b	11.01±3.72a	12.77±4.40a
		3	21.87±6.20b	7.29±2.07b	12.86±3.49a
		4	22.26±4.21b	5.57±1.05bcd	12.68±3.25a
		5	31.03±5.41a	6.30±1.11bc	12.67±2.26a
		6	31.72±3.60a	5.28±0.60bcd	10.74±0.91ab
		7	30.76±5.36a	4.39±0.77cde	9.50±2.01bc
		8	28.81±1.49a	3.60±0.19de	8.35±0.87bc
		9	26.95±1.68a	2.99±0.19e	7.13±0.93c
16~20	抹芽	1.80±0.42	36.88±6.57bcd	21.06±3.50a	21.06±3.50a
	未抹芽	2	35.69±7.10cd	17.85±3.55b	19.56±5.92ab
		3	36.19±2.83bcd	12.06±0.94c	19.02±3.77ab
		4	40.02±4.99abc	10.01±1.25d	17.46±3.15b
		5	34.06±3.10d	6.81±0.62e	11.79±1.07c
		6	38.23±5.56abcd	6.37±0.93e	11.68±2.48c
		7	40.93±5.49ab	5.85±0.78ef	11.44±2.55c
		8	43.05±3.70a	5.38±0.46ef	11.98±1.35c
		9	38.70±1.72abcd	4.35±0.09f	8.01±0.69d
21~25	抹芽	2.14±0.38	51.16±6.44abc	23.68±3.79a	23.68±3.79a
	未抹芽	2	46.80±4.57bc	23.40±2.29a	23.40±2.29a
		3	47.30±8.96bc	15.77±2.98b	20.52±3.74ab
		4	53.18±5.16abc	13.30±1.29bc	21.56±2.39ab
		5	57.98±9.10ab	11.60±1.82cd	20.33±5.45ab
		6	54.28±7.00abc	9.05±1.17d	18.02±3.72bc
		7	56.72±10.57abc	8.10±1.51d	15.26±2.62cd
		8	60.14±13.88a	7.52±1.74d	14.78±4.18cd
		9	62.70±6.49a	6.97±0.72de	15.25±2.97cd
		10	45.54±7.62c	4.56±0.76e	11.30±1.01d
26~30	抹芽	2.17±0.39	55.86±9.03bc	25.57±1.97a	25.57±1.97a
	未抹芽	2	50.48±5.9c	25.24±2.95a	25.24±2.95a
		3	59.08±5.34bc	19.69±1.78b	22.17±3.74ab
		4	55.74±9.75bc	13.94±2.44c	19.39±4.29b
		5	59.02±12.68bc	11.80±2.54cd	20.29±5.09b
		6	63.64±7.34b	10.61±1.22de	19.76±2.75b
		7	66.52±9.98ab	9.50±1.29de	19.20±4.03b
		8	66.78±6.49ab	8.35±0.81ef	17.22±3.32bc
		9	75.18±10.49a	8.35±1.16ef	17.82±3.67bc
		10	62.76±6.7b	6.28±0.67f	13.89±2.15c

单球重/g	种球数量/个	开花种球数量/个	开花种球比例/%	顶芽数量/个	单球开花量/朵
<8	100	21	21	1.07±0.23d	1.2±0.41d
8~15	100	72	72	1.27±0.46cd	1.60±0.63d
16~20	100	85	85	1.40±0.51c	2.60±0.51c
21~25	90	88	97.8	2.06±0.59b	3.87±0.74b
26~30	90	89	98.9	2.60±0.51a	4.73±0.71a

单球重/g	种球数量/个	开花种球数量/个	开花种球比例/%	顶芽数量/个	单球开花量/朵
<8	100	21	21	1.07±0.23d	1.2±0.41d
8~15	100	72	72	1.27±0.46cd	1.60±0.63d
16~20	100	85	85	1.40±0.51c	2.60±0.51c
21~25	90	88	97.8	2.06±0.59b	3.87±0.74b
26~30	90	89	98.9	2.60±0.51a	4.73±0.71a