施氮对南疆干旱荒漠绿洲枣棉间作土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040124

中国农学通报 ›› 2015, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (30): 185-192.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040124

所属专题：棉花；农业气象

施氮对南疆干旱荒漠绿洲枣棉间作土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响

汤秋香¹,李玉¹,林涛²,石大伟¹,田立文²,蒋平安¹,郭仁松²,叶强涛¹,林毅¹,徐海东¹

(¹新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052；²新疆农科院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830052）

收稿日期:2015-04-15 修回日期:2015-07-22 接受日期:2015-07-24 出版日期:2015-10-29 发布日期:2015-10-29
通讯作者: 田立文
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区高等学校科研计划项目“枣棉间作系统氮素利用及土壤微生物区系变化研究”(XJEDU2012S14)；农业部公益性行业项目“南疆地区棉花和果树间作棉花优良品种筛选及配套关键栽培技术研究”(201003043-07)；国家级大学生创新训练项目“不同施氮量对枣棉间作模式土壤学特性影响的研究”(201210758002)；新疆农业科学院优秀青年科技人才基金“间作棉花（枣棉）结构优化配置技术研究”(xjnky-2012-009)。

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil Nitrate under Red Date and Cotton Intercropping System in Southern Xinjiang Arid Desert Oasis

Tang Qiuxiang¹, Li Yu¹, Lin Tao², Shi Dawei¹, Tian Liwen², Jiang Ping’an¹, Guo Rensong², Ye Qiangtao¹, Lin Yi¹, Xu Haidong¹

(¹College of Agronomy, Xinjiang University of Agriculture, Urumqi 830052;²Economic Crop Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830052)

Received:2015-04-15 Revised:2015-07-22 Accepted:2015-07-24 Online:2015-10-29 Published:2015-10-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高枣棉间作模式氮肥施用水平，设计N0、N10、N20、N30、N40、N50 6个氮肥处理，在棉花关键生育时期，调查棉花农艺性状和产量情况，测定土壤硝态氮的时空差异性。结果表明：施氮可增加单株结铃数，使棉花增产；增产效果随着氮肥用量的增加而增大，但超过一定范围后则有下降的趋势。施氮能够明显提高土壤硝态氮含量，中量施氮肥(450 kg/hm²)既可稳定产量又能减少土壤硝态氮残留。过量施氮造成了养分的累积及向下层淋洗。枣棉间作根系存在养分竞争，在距枣树50~100 cm区域氮肥竞争强，花期之后竞争开始增大，盛铃期达到最大，但随着与枣树距离加大竞争减弱。

关键词: 夏玉米, 夏玉米, 大风, 倒伏, 天气学模型, 预报指标

Abstract: A field experiment of six treatments was conducted to improve fertilizer management in red date and cotton intercropping system. The six fertilization treatments of N0, N10, N20, N30, N40, N50 were designed. The cotton agronomic traits and yield and spatial and temporal variation of soil nitrate-N were studied in different growth and development stages of cotton. The results showed that: the number of bolls per plant and cotton production could be increased by using nitrogen. The yield would be increased with increasing amount of nitrogen, but there was a downward trend when the amount of nitrogen was more than a certain range. The content of nitrate nitrogen could be significantly improved by using nitrogen fertilizer in soil. The application amount of nitrogen of 450 kg/hm² could not only reduce the residual nitrate-N in soil but also stabilize the yield. But the excess application of nitrogen would cause the accumulation of nutrients and their leaching downward. There was nutrient competition of the roots in red date and cotton intercropping system. There was strong nitrogen competition in the region that was 50 to 100cm from the red date trees, the nitrogen competition increased after flowering stage, and achieved the maximum in the boll period, but the nitrogen competition would be weakened with the distance increase between the red date trees.

汤秋香,李玉,林涛,石大伟,田立文,蒋平安,郭仁松,叶强涛,林毅,徐海东. 施氮对南疆干旱荒漠绿洲枣棉间作土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(30): 185-192.

Tang Qiuxiang,Li Yu,Lin Tao,Shi Dawei,Tian Liwen,Jiang Ping’an,Guo Rensong,Ye Qiangtao,Lin Yi and Xu Haidong. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil Nitrate under Red Date and Cotton Intercropping System in Southern Xinjiang Arid Desert Oasis[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2015, 31(30): 185-192.

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施氮对南疆干旱荒漠绿洲枣棉间作土壤硝态氮时空分布的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil Nitrate under Red Date and Cotton Intercropping System in Southern Xinjiang Arid Desert Oasis

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