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中国农学通报 ›› 2020, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 11-15.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110050

所属专题: 玉米

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

华北地区夏玉米生产中磷素利用特征研究

蔺飞阳, 杜艾芳, 许秀春, 孟凡乔()   

  1. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院/农田土壤污染防控与修复北京市重点实验室,北京 100193
  • 收稿日期:2018-11-16 修回日期:2018-12-26 出版日期:2020-03-05 发布日期:2020-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 孟凡乔
  • 作者简介:蔺飞阳,女,1996年出生,山西运城人,硕士研究生,研究方向:面源污染与农田元素循环。通信地址:100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,E-mail:569830580@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“潮土区控氮磷增碳综合技术模式研发与应用”(2017YFD0800605-2)

Phosphorous Utilization During Summer Maize Production in North China

Lin Feiyang, Du Aifang, Xu Xiuchun, Meng Fanqiao()   

  1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation/ College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193
  • Received:2018-11-16 Revised:2018-12-26 Online:2020-03-05 Published:2020-03-02
  • Contact: Fanqiao Meng

摘要:

为评估当前中国华北地区夏玉米生产中的磷素利用效率和影响因素,促进磷肥资源高效利用和降低损失和污染,本研究通过收集1980年以来公开发表的夏玉米田间试验的文献,对华北地区夏玉米磷肥试验数据进行收集、整理和分析,获得了夏玉米的籽粒与秸秆产量及其比例,以及施磷量与籽粒和秸秆磷含量的关系模型。研究发现,随着施磷量的增加,土壤-夏玉米作物系统的磷素表观盈亏量呈线性增加,在施磷达到75 kg/hm 2时,磷素表观盈亏量为0。华北地区的夏玉米磷肥平均利用效率约为15%;增加氮肥施用量以及与磷合理配施有利于提高磷肥利用效率。整体上,夏玉米对磷酸二铵的利用效率高于过磷酸钙;有机肥和化肥配施可以有效提高磷肥利用效率。夏玉米‘天泰60’品种的磷肥利用效率最高。在华北地区夏玉米生产中,选用磷酸二铵以及适合的氮肥水平、有机肥与化肥配施,可以提高磷肥利用效率,降低磷肥损失和环境污染风险。

关键词: 夏玉米, 华北地区, 磷, 利用效率

Abstract:

The aims are to evaluate the phosphorous (P) utilization and influencing factors in summer maize production in North China, promote high-efficient utilization of P fertilizer, and decrease the loss and environmental pollution. The authors collected the researches on summer maize since 1980. The data of P fertilizer experiments on summer maize in North China were analyzed. The grain yield, straw yield and grain/straw ratio were obtained, and the relationship between fertilizer P rate and P content in the grain and straw of summer maize were obtained. The results showed that with the increase of P fertilizer, the apparent profit and loss of phosphorus linearly increased, and at the fertilizer P rate of 75 kg/hm 2, the apparent profit and loss of phosphorus was 0. The average P fertilizer efficiency of summer maize in North China was 15%, and the increase of nitrogen (N) fertilizer and its combining application with fertilizer P helped to increase P fertilizer efficiency. Summer maize had higher utilization efficiency of diammonium phosphate than calcium superphosphate, and the combination of organic and chemical P fertilizer also significantly increased P fertilizer efficiency. Among all the maize varieties, ‘Tiantai 60’ had the highest P efficiency. In summer maize production in North China, the application of diammonium phosphate and N fertilizer of appropriate level, and the combination of organic and chemical P fertilizer can improve the utilization efficiency of P fertilizer, decrease its loss, and reduce the risk of environmental pollution.

Key words: summer maize, North China, phosphorous, utilization efficiency

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