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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 132-138.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110024

所属专题： 玉米； 小麦

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

小麦-玉米轮作一体化保护栽培期间土壤微生物群落变化

全 鑫,杨艳艳,梁 娟,杨丽荣,武 超,薛保国   

  1. (河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部华北南部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/河南省农作物病虫害防治重点实验室,郑州 450002）
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-04 修回日期:2016-04-14 接受日期:2016-01-25 出版日期:2016-04-27 发布日期:2016-04-27
  • 通讯作者: 薛保国
  • 基金资助:
    农业部十二五科技支撑课题“小麦玉米连作区重大病害的可持续防控技术”(2012BAD19B04)；农业部948项目“植物病虫害生物防治技术的引进与利用”(2014-Z63)；河南省重大科技专项“小麦主要病虫害绿色防控产品的研发与产业化”(141100111100)；河南省农科院自主创新专项基金“作物根部病害菌源库构建及致病力监测”(2015JC17)。

Soil Microflora Change During Integrated Protection Cultivation of Wheat-maize Rotation

Quan Xin, Yang Yanyan, Liang Juan, Yang Lirong, Wu Chao, Xue Baoguo   

  1. (Institution of Plant Protection, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/IPM Key Laboratory in Northern-South of the Ministry of Agriculture/Henan Key Laboratory for Control of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests, Zhengzhou 450002)
  • Received:2015-11-04 Revised:2016-04-14 Accepted:2016-01-25 Online:2016-04-27 Published:2016-04-27

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摘要： 以不同保护栽培方式和不同种植年限间小麦-玉米根际土壤为研究对象，对土壤微生物细菌、真菌、放线菌数量和多样性进行分析。采用微生物平板分离计数，SPSS统计学软件分析小麦玉米不同时期及5年间多样性指数变化。结果表明：小麦玉米轮作根际微生物数量变化与他们生长发育呈正相关，一体化保护栽培结果显示翻耕有利于增加细菌和放线菌数量，旋耕真菌数量显著增加，深松有利于减少真菌数量，覆盖秸秆有助于微生物数量的增加。微生物多样性指数受到小麦玉米长期轮作影响，导致微生物群落不均逐渐减少，但在轮作第5年小麦拔节期和玉米苗期微生物多样性指数升高。

关键词: 突变级数法, 突变级数法, 长汀, 水土保持, 效益评价

Abstract: The authors analyzed the quantity and diversity of soil microbe such as bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in wheat-maize rotation rhizosphere soil under different protection cultivation patterns and planting years. The diversity indices at different growth stages of wheat and maize in 5 years were analyzed by the methods of plate counting and SPSS statistical software. The results showed that microbial populations in the rhizosphere soil were positively correlated with the growth of wheat and maize. The results of integrated protection cultivation showed that tillage could increase the population bacteria and actinomycetes, while rotary tillage could increase the population of fungi, deep scarification could reduce fungi population, and straw mulching could increase the amount of microbial biomass. Long-term rotation of wheat and maize resulted in the gradual decrease and uneven distribution of microflora and affected microbial diversity index. Nevertheless, the microbial diversity index increased in the fifth year during wheat jointing period and maize seedling stage.

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