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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (14): 152-158.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020064

所属专题： 玉米

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

晋西北沙区玉米不同耕作方式对土壤水分及效益的影响

马 骏,刘 爽,刘 勇   

  1. (山西大学黄土高原研究所,太原 030006）
  • 收稿日期:2016-02-19 修回日期:2016-04-27 接受日期:2016-03-10 出版日期:2016-05-17 发布日期:2016-05-17
  • 通讯作者: 刘 勇
  • 基金资助:
    山西省科技重大专项“晋北沙化土地防治的关键技术研究与试验示范”(20121101011)；国家自然科学基金“晋西北丘陵风沙区人工恢复林草植被与土壤水热环境的互馈机制”(41401618)。

Effect of Different Corn Tillage Managements on Soil Moisture and Economic Benefit in Northwestern Shanxi

Ma Jun, Liu Shuang, Liu Yong   

  1. (Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006)
  • Received:2016-02-19 Revised:2016-04-27 Accepted:2016-03-10 Online:2016-05-17 Published:2016-05-17

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摘要： 旨在通过试验研究，为晋西北半干旱区适宜的农田耕作管理方式提出建议。通过对土壤容重、土壤田间持水量、饱和含水量、剖面土壤含水量以及玉米产量的测定分析，研究不同耕作方式对土壤物理性状及玉米经济效益的影响。结果表明：相对于传统耕作不覆盖(CT)，在0~5 cm土层深度，免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)可以显著降低土壤容重，传统耕作喷洒固沙保水剂(CTA)和传统耕作塑料地膜覆盖(CTF)对降低土壤容重也有一定效果；NTS处理可以提高0~10 cm土层的田间持水量，CTA处理对田间持水量的变化有一定的稳定作用，CTF处理对田间持水量的影响较为不利；不同耕作处理的饱和含水量变化与田间持水量变化相似，NTS处理具有较好的饱和含水能力，而CTF处理饱和含水能力最弱；在10~50 cm土层，CTF处理的土壤含水量最高，CTA处理较高，生长期内NTS处理土壤含水量变化较稳定；经济效益为CTF>CTA>CT>NTS。该研究表明，CTA处理可以作为晋西北半干旱区较适宜的耕作方式来长期研究。

关键词: 紫苏, 紫苏, 农艺学性状, 产量构成因素, 回归分析

Abstract: The paper aims to make recommendations on suitable tillage managements through experiments in northwestern Shanxi. Based on measurement and analysis of soil bulk density, field capacity, saturated water content, profile soil water content and maize production, the authors studied the effect of different tillage managements on soil physical properties and economic benefits of corn. The results showed that: compared with conventional tillage (CT), NTS significantly reduced the soil bulk density in 0-5 cm soil depth. To some extent, CTF and CTA treatment could reduce the soil bulk density as well. NTS could increase 0-10 cm soil field capacity, CTA had a stabilizing effect on the field capacity variations. However, the field capacity under CTF was relatively low. Similarly, saturated water contents under different tillage treatments had similar changes as the field capacity, NTS had the best saturated and water-holding capacity, whereas the CTF had the worst capacity. The soil water contents in 10-50 cm soil depth under CTF and CTA were higher than those under other tillage managements. The soil water content under NTS was more stable in the whole corn growing season than those under other tillage managements. The economic benefits followed the order: CTF>CTA>CT>NTS. The study showed that CTA process might be used as a more appropriate farming method in northwestern Shanxi for long-term study.