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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 48-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040057

• 农学 农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

烯效唑浸种和育苗密度对毯状苗质量和植株性状的影响

高建芹,浦惠明,龙卫华,胡茂龙,张洁夫,陈松,彭琦   

  1. 江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所
  • 收稿日期:2016-04-11 修回日期:2017-02-13 接受日期:2016-05-24 出版日期:2017-03-02 发布日期:2017-03-02
  • 通讯作者: 高建芹
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“油菜杂种优势利用技术与强优势杂交种创制”(2016YFD0101300)；国家科技支撑计划“油菜高产高效关键技术研究与 示范”(2014BAD11B03)；国家现代农业产业技术体系岗位科学类项目“长江下游区油菜育种”(CARS-13) ；江苏省农业科技自主创新资金“适合轻简 栽培机械作业的油菜新品种选育”[CX(14)2003]；江苏省农业三新工程“油菜稳密增效配套技术研究与集成示范”[SXGC(2014)301]。

Effect of seed soaking with uniconazole and seedling density on blanket-seedling quality and plant traits in Brassica napus L．

  • Received:2016-04-11 Revised:2017-02-13 Accepted:2016-05-24 Online:2017-03-02 Published:2017-03-02

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摘要： 为培育适合机械化种植的油菜毯状秧苗,探索不同烯效唑处理浓度和育苗密度对毯状秧苗质量、成熟期植株性状及产量的影响,以宁杂31号为材料分别用0 mg/L(CK)、5 mg/L、10 mg/L、15 mg/L和20 mg/L烯效唑溶液处理种子2h后自然晾干播种,苗床育苗密度设150万株/hm2、225万株/hm2、300万株/hm2、375万株/hm2和450万株/hm2 5个处理。结果表明：烯效唑浸种处理后,油菜秧苗高度降低,叶片数增加,根颈变粗,根系活力增强,下胚轴缩短,地上部干重减少,地下部干重增加,有利于培育矮壮苗；增加育苗密度,秧苗增高,叶片数减少,根颈变细,根系活力下降,下胚轴伸长,地上和地下部分干重均下降,毯状秧苗质量下降；但随着烯效唑浸种浓度增加,密度对秧苗的影响明显减弱。各处理的毯状菜苗在12000株/hm2栽培密度下,烯效唑浸种浓度和育苗密度对油菜成熟期株高、总叶片数和主茎段长度无显著影响,但烯效唑浸种处理后,单株角果数、千粒重和实收产量增加,其中以15 mg/L处理产量最高,10 mg/L和20 mg/L处理产量相当；而随着育苗密度增加,上述经济指标均有所下降。依据茬口,当需要适栽苗龄为30d时,浸种浓度为10mg/L,育苗密度可达450万株/hm2；当需要苗龄延长到40d,浸种浓度则需增加到20mg/L,且育苗密度应≤300万株/hm2。通过调节烯效唑浸种浓度和育苗密度可培育满足不同茬口要求的机栽毯状秧苗,实现工厂化育苗和机械化移栽。

关键词: 春玉米, 春玉米, 高产高效, 光合性能, 产量, 密度

Abstract: In order to cultivate blanket rapeseed seedlings suitable for mechanized transplanting, the effects of seed soaking with different concentrations of uniconazole and seedling densities on seedling quality, plant traits in mature period and yield were investigated using‘Ningza 31’as the material. The rapeseed was treated with 0(CK), 5, 10, 15, 20 mg/L uniconazole solution for 2 hours. After natural dry, seedling density was set as 1.5 million, 2.25 million, 3.0 million, 3.75 million and 4.5 million plant/hm2. The results showed that after the treatment of uniconazole, the height of rape seedling decreased, the number of leaves increased, the collar coarsened, root vitality increased, hypocotyledonary axis shortened, overground dry weight decreased, underground dry weight increased, which was benefit to the cultivation of short and strong sprout; with the increase of seedling density, the height of rape seedling increased, the number of leaves decreased, the collar decreased, root vitality decreased, hypocotyledonary axis extended, overground and underground part dry weight decreased, the quality of blanket- seedling decreased; however, with the increase of uniconazole concentration, the influence of seedling density on seedling was significantly decreased. Uniconazole concentration and seedling density had no significant effect on plant height in mature period, total leaf number and main stem length under the blanket-seedling density of 12 thousand plant/hm2, but after the treatment of uniconazole, fruit number of per plant, 1000 seeds weight and harvest yield increased, the treatment of 15 mg/L got the highest yield, and those of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L were overall equal. With the increase of seedling density, all the economic indicators decreased. According to cropping arrangement, when the needed seedling age was 30 days, the seedling density could reach 4.5 million plant/hm2 under the seed soaking concentration of 10 mg/L, when the needed seedling age was 40 days, the seed soaking concentration could be increased to 20 mg/L, and the seedling density should be ≤3.0 million plant/hm2. By adjusting the concentration of soaking uniconazole and seedling density, blanket seedlings could be cultivated for machine transplanting to meet different rotation systems, and achieve industrialized breeding and echanized transplanting.