欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (20): 92-96.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040083

所属专题： 玉米

• 资源 环境 生态 土壤 气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

河南省夏玉米主产区土壤理化性状研究

张国合1,2,张 博1,王海标1,章慧玉2,王宜伦1   

  1. (1河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州 450002；2河南省鹤壁市农业科学院,河南鹤壁 458030）
  • 收稿日期:2016-04-13 修回日期:2016-05-16 接受日期:2016-05-24 出版日期:2016-07-15 发布日期:2016-07-15
  • 通讯作者: 王宜伦
  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技成果转化基金项目“夏玉米高产高效施肥关键技术集成与示范”(142201110025)。

Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Main Maize Area of Henan Province

Zhang Guohe1,2, Zhang Bo1, Wang Haibiao1, Zhang Huiyu2, Wang Yilun1   

  1. (1College of Resource and Environment, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002; 2Henan Hebi Academy of Agricultural Science, Hebi Henan 458030)
  • Received:2016-04-13 Revised:2016-05-16 Accepted:2016-05-24 Online:2016-07-15 Published:2016-07-15

PDF (PC)

475

摘要： 选取河南省粮食主产县代表性地块，对土壤养分进行测定分析，调查玉米产量和农业生产状况，旨在摸清河南省玉米主产区土壤养分状况，为合理利用土壤资源和指导科学施肥提供依据。结果表明：河南省玉米主产区耕层土壤养分丰缺状况有所差异。豫北土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮，速效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为16.05 mg/kg、1.28 mg/kg、64.79 mg/kg、18.68 mg/kg和109.18 mg/kg，豫中分别为 13.98 mg/kg、1.54 mg/kg、59.59 mg/kg、18.96 mg/kg和90.71 mg/kg，豫南分别为13.25 mg/kg、1.56 mg/kg、50.56 mg/kg、12.93 mg/kg和100.39 mg/kg，养分平衡性较差。0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40 cm土层容重分别为1.34、1.39、1.50、1.52 g/cm3，土壤比较紧实，影响根系生长。应大力推广秸秆还田，重视施用有机肥，控氮减磷补钾，重视宣传推广作物专用复合肥和新型缓/控释肥的施用，播前重视耕层深松，打破犁底层，降低土壤容重，改善土壤物理性质。

关键词: 玉米, 玉米, 降水, 气候倾向率, 降水相对变率, 变化特征

Abstract: In order to investigate soil nutrient conditions and provide basis for rational utilization of soil resource and guide scientific fertilization, soil nutrient was measured in representative fields in main grain area of Henan Province, and maize yield and agricultural production condition were investigated. The results showed that the conditions of surface soil nutrient were different. The average contents of soil organic matter, total N, available N, available P and available K were 16.05 mg/kg, 1.28 mg/kg, 64.79 mg/kg, 18.68 mg/kg and 109.18 mg/kg, respectively, in north Henan, they were 13.98 mg/kg, 1.54 mg/kg, 59.59 mg/kg, 18.96 mg/kg and 90.71 mg/kg, respectively, in central Henan, and were 13.25 mg/kg, 1.56 mg/kg, 50.56 mg/kg, 12.93 mg/kg and 100.39 mg/kg, respectively, in south Henan, the nutrient distribution was unbalanced. Soil bulk density of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30~40 cm soil layer were 1.34, 1.39, 1.50 and 1.52 g/cm3 respectively, which indicated that the soil was tight and inhibited root growth. Straw turnover should be popularized, the application of organic fertilizer should be highlighted, the use of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled, the use of phosphorus fertilizer should be decreased and the use of potassium fertilizer should be increased, the application of compound fertilizer and slow/controlled release fertilizer should be promoted, deep ploughing was important before planting to break the plow sole, decrease soil bulk density and improve soil physical properties.

中图分类号: