欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2016, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (22): 68-75.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040090

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

早果、矮化、抗逆苹果砧木Y系的选育研究

杨廷桢,高敬东,王 骞,蔡华成,李春燕,弓桂花,王淑婷,王新平   

  1. (山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,太原 030031）
  • 收稿日期:2016-04-14 修回日期:2016-07-19 接受日期:2016-06-20 出版日期:2016-08-09 发布日期:2016-08-09
  • 通讯作者: 杨廷桢
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑计划子课题“主要果树新品种选育”(2013BAD02B01-2)；国家苹果产业技术体系晋中综合试验站建设(CARS-28)；山西省重点实验室建设项目“果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室”(2015012001-12)；山西省科技攻关项目“抗旱、抗寒苹果矮化砧木的选育”(20100311019-1)；山西省农业科学院重点项目“苹果矮砧SH1标准化果园树体管理技术研究”(2013zd03)。

Breeding of Y Series Apple Stock with Early Fruiting,Dwarfing and Adverse Resistance

Yang Tingzhen, Gao Jingdong, Wang Qian, Cai Huacheng, Li Chunyan,Gong Guihua, Wang Shuting, Wang Xinping   

  1. (Pomology Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shanxi Key Laboratory of Germplasm Improvement and Utilization in Pomology, Taiyuan 030031)
  • Received:2016-04-14 Revised:2016-07-19 Accepted:2016-06-20 Online:2016-08-09 Published:2016-08-09

PDF (PC)

406

摘要： 为选育具有本土适应性的苹果矮化砧木，以中国原生的种质资源——野生晋西北山定子为试材，通过田间观察和综合评价，以其实生苗为自根砧嫁接苹果品种，以早花、早果为筛选指标进行初选，以连续开花和结果性能、耐旱性、抗寒性、接穗品种果实品质为主次顺序筛选指标，进一步逐级筛选，进行复选，以八棱海棠为自根砧，复选出的植株自根砧萌蘖苗为中间砧嫁接苹果品种，以矮化性、植株生长势、连续开花和结果性能、耐旱性、抗寒性、接穗品种果实品质为主次顺序筛选指标逐级筛选，进行决选。结果表明，以初选出的砧木群体（定名为Y系）作为自根砧的嫁接植株，早花早果特性和连续开花结果能力极为突出，矮化性状明显，抗寒、抗旱性较强；以决选出的4个优系为中间砧的嫁接植株，除具有Y系嫁接植株基本特性外，果实品质较好。Y系是具有较强的矮化、开花结果、抗寒、抗旱性能的苹果砧木群体，具有很大的苹果矮化砧木选育潜力；4个优系的矮化、开花结果、耐旱、抗寒性能较强，其中，Y-1（原名Y-B030）为矮化砧木，Y-2（原名Y-B094）为极矮化砧木，Y-3（原名Y-B007）为半矮化砧木，均已通过区试及品种审定。

关键词: 生物质炭, 生物质炭, 土壤团聚体微域环境, 重金属污染, 土壤酶活性

Abstract: Malus baccata which originated in northwestern Shanxi was used as the experiment material for breeding apple dwarfing stock which could adapt to local growing condition. By field investigation and synthetic evaluation, the plants grafted by the seedlings of Malus baccata as rootstock were under primary selection according to the performance of early blossoming and early fruiting, and were under secondary selection according to the performance of continuous blossoming and fruiting, dwarfing, resistance to cold and drought and fruit quality of grafted cultivar; the plants grafted by Malus robusta as rootstock and the tillers from the rootstock of the secondary selection as interstock were under final selection according to dwarfing, growth vigor of grated plant, performance of continuous blossoming and fruiting, resistance to cold and drought and fruit quality of grafted cultivar. The results showed that the plants grafted by the seedlings of Malus baccata from primary selection (named Y series) as rootstock had excellent performance of early flowering and early fruiting, dwarfing, resistance to cold and drought; the plants grafted by 4 superior series from final selection as interstock not only had the primary performance of the plants grafted by Y series as rootstock, but also had better fruit quality. These indicated that Y series was an apple stock population which had outstanding performance of early flowering and early fruiting, dwarfing, and resistance to cold and drought, from which it was most likely to breed more excellent apple dwarfing stock; 4 superior series had outstanding performance of early flowering and early fruiting, dwarfing, and resistance to cold and drought, among them, Y-1(original name: Y-B030) was a excellent apple dwarf stock, Y-2 (original name: Y-B094) was a super-dwarf stock, Y-3 (original name: Y-B007) was a semi-dwarf stock, which were all approved by the variety examine committee.

中图分类号: