生物质炭的土壤效应研究综述

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究旨在探讨生物质炭添加到土壤中后对土壤理化性质、土壤菌根真菌以及植物的影响,为改善土壤性质提供有效途径。基于国内外对生物质炭的研究成果,本文主要对生物质炭的土壤效应进行研究,系统阐述了生物质炭的作用及添加到土壤后存在的问题,并分析了土壤理化性质、土壤菌根真菌、植物对添加生物质炭的反应,研究结果表明：生物质炭含碳量高,呈碱性,具多微孔结构,比表面积大,表面具丰富官能团,阳离子交换能力强,添加到土壤之后可以增加土壤容重和土壤持水量,提高土壤孔隙度,改变土壤团聚体分布,提高土壤的pH值,增加土壤有机质的含量并减少土壤养分的淋溶,使得土壤理化性质得到改变同时对土壤菌根真菌的生长和定殖有促进作用,并间接影响植物生长发育。生物质炭作为一种古老而新型的生物质材料,在改善土壤结构,促进植物生长等方面均有优越表现,充分了解和认识生物质炭的特性,使生物质炭在营造绿色可持续发展生态环境任务中大显身手。

关键词: 生物质炭, 土壤, 菌根真菌, 植物

Abstract:

To explore the effects of biochar on soil physical and chemical properties, soil mycorrhizal fungi and plants, and provide an effective way to improve soil properties, based on the research results of biochar at home and abroad, this paper mainly studied the soil effect of biochar, systematically expounded the role of biochar and the existing problems after it was added to soil, and analyzed the physical and chemical properties of soil, the reaction of soil mycorrhizal fungi and plants to the addition of biochar. The results show that biochar has high carbon content, alkaline, multi-microporous structure, large specific surface area, rich functional groups on the surface and strong cation exchange capacity. When added to soil, it can increase soil bulk density and soil water holding capacity, increase soil porosity, change soil aggregate distribution, increase soil pH value, increase soil organic matter content and decrease soil nutrient leaching, thus to change soil physical and chemical properties, at the same time, it can promote the growth and colonization of soil mycorrhizal fungi and indirectly affect plant growth and development. As an old and new biomass material, biochar has superior performance in improving soil structure and promoting plant growth, fully understanding the characteristics of biomass charcoal could enable biochar play an important role in building a green and sustainable ecological environment.

Key words: biochar, soil, mycorrhizal fungi, plant

中图分类号:

S156.99

张俊叶, 刘晓东, 王林, 俞元春. 生物质炭的土壤效应研究综述[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(9): 46-50.

Junye Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Lin Wang, Yuanchun Yu. The Soil Effect of Biochar: A Review[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(9): 46-50.

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