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中国农学通报 ›› 2017, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 47-51.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060008

所属专题: 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

减施磷肥对番茄植株生长、产量、品质及土壤养分状况的影响

赵 伟,刘梦龙,杨圆圆,张锋,杨兆森,陈志杰   

  1. 渭南市农业技术推广中心,渭南市农业技术推广中心,渭南市农业技术推广中心,陕西省动物研究所,渭南市农业技术推广中心,陕西省动物研究所
  • 收稿日期:2016-06-02 修回日期:2016-12-26 接受日期:2016-12-13 出版日期:2017-02-04 发布日期:2017-02-04
  • 通讯作者: 陈志杰
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技支撑项目“城郊环保型高效农业关键技术研究与示范”(2014BAD14B00);陕西省科学院重点及产业化项目“大荔现代特色农业产业保障技术研究与示范”(2013K-03)资助。

Effects of Phosphorus Fertilizer Reduction on Tomato Plant Growth, Yield, Quality and Soil Nutrient

  • Received:2016-06-02 Revised:2016-12-26 Accepted:2016-12-13 Online:2017-02-04 Published:2017-02-04

摘要: 为明确降低磷肥用量对设施番茄种植的影响,采用田间试验的方法,研究了设施条件下常规施肥(CK:P2O5用量891 kg/hm2)、磷肥减量50%(P-1:P2O5用量446 kg/hm2)和磷肥减量70%(P-2:P2O5用量267 kg/hm2)3 个磷肥水平对番茄植株生长发育、产量、品质及土壤养分状况的影响。结果表明,磷肥减量不影响番茄植株生长(株高、茎粗、叶片数和株高/茎粗比),同时对番茄单果重、单株产量和单位面积产量影响也不显著;不同磷肥水平番茄单果重为173~181 g,单株产量为1.81~2.05 kg,单位面积产量为51.9~56.9 t/hm2。与CK处理相比,P-2 处理显著增加了番茄>2 mm根数和根冠比,增幅分别为72.6%和28.0%。2 个减施磷肥处理均显著提高番茄还原性糖含量和糖酸比;P-2 处理番茄糖酸比又显著高于P-1处理。降低磷肥处理显著降低表层土壤速效磷含量。可见,在本试验条件下,降低磷肥用量70%在不影响番茄产量的基础上,提高了番茄品质,改善了土壤环境。

关键词: 气候季节划分标准, 气候季节划分标准, 四季开始日期, 四季长度, 季节变化, 突变, 周期

Abstract: This study aims to test the effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on tomato cultivation. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction on tomato plant growth, yield, quality and soil nutrient. There were three treatments, respectively, conventional phosphorus fertilization (CK), 50% reduction of phosphorus fertilizer (P-1) and 70% reduction of phosphorus fertilizer. Reduction of phosphorus fertilizer had little effect on plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and plant height/stem diameter ratio and yield of tomato. The single fruit weight, yield per plant and yield per unit area of tomato was 173-181 g, 1.81-2.05 kg and 51.9-56.9 t/hm2 in all treatments. Compared with CK, P-2 treatment increased the number of root > 2 mm and the root cap ratio by 72.6% and 28.0% , respectively. Both phosphorus reduction treatments significantly improved tomato reducing sugar content and sugar acid ratio as compared with that of CK. The tomato sugar acid ratio in P- 2 treatment was significantly higher than that in P- 1 treatment. The phosphorus reduction treatments both significantly reduced topsoil available phosphorus as compared with that in CK. Reduction of phosphorus fertilizer did not affect tomato yield, while increased tomato quality and improved soil environment.

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