生物炭和菌肥的混合使用对苹果园连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指标的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060131

摘要/Abstract

摘要： [目的]以平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.)幼苗为试材,盆栽试验条件下研究了生物炭和菌液的混合施用对其生长及连作土壤环境的影响。[方法]试验共设五个处理：连作土对照(CK)、连作土溴甲烷熏蒸(T1)、连作土施加2%生物炭(T2)、连作土施用500倍稀释的菌液(T3)、连作土加2%生物炭和500倍稀释的菌液(T4)。[结果]研究结果表明：与连作相比,溴甲烷熏蒸、添加生物炭、施用菌液以及混合施用生物炭和菌液对平邑甜茶幼苗植株的生物量均有不同程度的促进作用。其中,溴甲烷熏蒸处理效果最好,混合施用生物炭和菌液次之,且均高于单独添加生物炭和菌液处理。与对照相比,混合施用生物炭和菌液处理 9月份平邑甜茶幼苗植株株高、地径、干重、鲜重分别增加了40.2%、34.7%、58.3%、68.6%；同时,平邑甜茶幼苗的根系长度、根表面积、根体积、根尖数分别增加了46.5%、108.0%、91.0%、34.3%。混合施用生物炭和菌液处理显着提高了平邑甜茶幼苗的根系活力,与对照相比增加了124.2%。添加生物炭、施用菌液和混合施用生物炭和菌液均增加了土壤中细菌的数量,降低了真菌的数量。混合施用生物炭和菌液的土壤细菌数量与添加生物炭、施用菌液和连作相比分别增加了37.1%、89.8%、252.4%,真菌数量降低了65.7%、41.0%、68.14%,显着增加了细菌/真菌的比值。添加生物炭、施用菌液、混合施用生物炭和菌液处理均增加了土壤酶活性,其中混合施用生物炭和菌液处理的土壤酶活性增幅最为明显。[结论]实验结果表明：混合施用生物炭和菌液可以更好地促进连作平邑甜茶幼苗生物量的增加,提高细菌/真菌比值,增强土壤酶活性,改善苹果园连作土壤环境,更有效减轻苹果连作障碍。

关键词: 局地暴雨, 局地暴雨, 中小尺度系统, 临近预报, 预警

Abstract: By using seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd. as objects, this article studies the effects of a mixture of bacterial manure and biochar on the growth of seedlings and on the replanted soil environment. The experiment consisted of five treatments, including a control group (CK), methyl bromide into the cropping soil (T1), 2% biochar into the replanted soil (T2), 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the replanted soil (T3), and 2% biochar plus 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the replanted soil (T4). [Result]Results showed that compared with CK, 2% biochar into the replanted soil, 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the replanted soil and 500-fold diluted bacterial manure 2% Biochar into the replanted soil turned out to increase the plant biomass of the seedling of Malus hupehensis Rehd. to different extent. Among them, the methyl bromide fumigation treatment was the most effective, followed by a mixture of bacterial manure and biochar, and higher than add bacterial manure or biochar treatment alone. Applying 2% Biochar 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the replanted soil, in September, compared with replanted soil ,the plant height, stem diameter, dry weight and fresh weight of the plant increased by 40.2%, 34.7%, 58.3%, 68.6%, respectively, whereas the root length, root area, root tips, root volume increased 46.5%, 108.0%, 91.0%, 34.3% respectively. A mixture of biochar and bacterial manure T4 significantly increased the root activity of the seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd., by 124.2% compared with CK. 2% biochar into the replanted soil, 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the replanted soil and 500-fold diluted bacterial manure 2% biochar into the replanted soil could increase on the bacteria quantity and reduce on the fungi quantity of the soil under replant condition, respectively. Compared with 2% biochar, 500-fold diluted bacterial manure and a control, bacteria amounts of 2% biochar 500-fold diluted bacterial manure increased by37.1%, 89.8%, 252.4% and fungi amounts reduced by 65.7%, 41.0%, 68.14%, respectively, increasing markedly on the ratio of bacteria and fungi. 2% biochar into the condition soil, 500-fold diluted bacterial manure into the condition soil and 500-fold diluted bacterial manure 2% biochar into the replanted soil increased the soil enzyme activity, respectively. Among them, the amplification of the soil enzyme activity of a mixture of biochar and bacterial manure treatment effect was the most obvious. [Conclusion]As a conclusion, experiments showed that a mixture of biochar and bacterial manure further increased the plant biomass of seeding of Malus hupehensis Rehd., raised the ratio of bacteria to fungi, enhanced the soil enzyme activity, improved the replanted soil environment, and effectively reduced the apple replant diseases.

孙琪然,徐燕,相立,王功帅,沈向,陈学森,尹承苗,毛志泉. 生物炭和菌肥的混合使用对苹果园连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生理指标的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017, 33(8): 52-59.

尹承苗 and 毛志泉. Effects of a Mixture of Bacterial Manure and Biochar on Soil Environment and Physiological Characteristics of Malus hupehensis Seedlings[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2017, 33(8): 52-59.

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