不同施肥措施对酸性植烟土壤酶活性及微生物的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100078

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过田间试验，研究了烟农施肥(CK1)、钙镁磷肥(CK2)、熟石灰(SSH)、源天有机肥(YT)和腐熟农家肥(FS)对烟草土壤pH、酶活性、微生物数量和群落结构及其代谢的影响。结果表明：土壤pH的表现为FS＞YT＞SSH＞CK2＞CK1，不同施肥管理对土壤酶活性、烤烟根际土壤细菌、放线菌和微生物总量的影响总体表现为FS、YT处理最高，再次为SSH和CK2 处理，CK1 处理最低，真菌则变化相反且各个处理与对照有显著差异(P＜0.05)。Biolog 微平板法测定结果表明，各个处理均比对照提高了土壤微生物的平均每孔颜色变化率，增加了物种多样性、丰富度和均匀度，改变了微生物对6 大类碳源的相对利用率，微生物对氨基酸类、羧酸类、糖类碳源的相对利用率提高同时却降低了微生物对聚合物类碳源的相对利用能力；主成分分析表明，对土壤微生物起分异作用的碳源种类主要是糖类、氨基酸类和羧酸类。综合来说与烟农施肥相比，4个处理均有较好的效果，FS、YT处理的效果最好。

关键词: 豌豆幼苗, 豌豆幼苗, 伤害, NO, 活性氧

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to compare the effects of five fertilizer managements(calcium-magnesia phosphate fertilizer,slaked lime, organic fertilizer,and matured compost) and a tobacco farmers traditional fertilizer control on soil pH、enzyme activities、microbial quantity and microbial community functional diversity in tobacco．The results showed that the soil Ph is characterized by FS > YT > SSH > CK2 > CK1, Soil enzyme activities ,the amounts of bacteria, actinomycetes and the total number of microbes in tobacco plants’rhizosphere also significantly changed．The effects of fertilization regimes on soil enzyme activity,the amounts of bacteria, actinomycetes and the total number of microbes in tobacco plants’rhizosphere generally followed the order: FS 、YT > SSH 、CK2 > CK1．The Biolog results suggested that each fertilizer treatment were higher than that of control the average well color development( AWCD) and increased the species diversity,richness and evenness． The relative ratios of six groups of carbon sources by microbes were changed to some extent after the application of different fertilizer． Compared with the traditional fertilizer control, other fertilizers application enhanced the capacity of microbes in using carbohydrates, amino acids , carboxylic acids and polyphenols． but decreased the utilization of polymers．The principal components analysis demonstrated that the differentiation of microbial community was mainly in utilization of carbohydrates, amino acids and carboxylic acids．In aggregate compared with tobacco farmers fertilizer, FS, YT treatment works best.

武盼盼. 不同施肥措施对酸性植烟土壤酶活性及微生物的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017, 33(30): 103-110.

参考文献

[1]李潇潇,夏强,任立,等．我国土壤的酸化及改良[ J] ．现代园艺,2011,( 9) : 156
[2] 徐建明,张甘霖,谢正苗,等．土壤质量指标与评价[M]．北京: 科学出版社, 2010. 178－184.
[3] Lugato E,Berti A,Giardini L．Soil organic carbon ( SOC )dynamics with and without residue incorporation in relation todifferent nitrogen fertilisation rates[ J] ． Geoderma,2006,135:315－321.
[4] Lundquist E J, Jackson L E,Scow K M,et al. Changes in microbial biomass and community composition,and soil carbon and nitrogen pools after incorporation of rye into three California agricultural soils. Soil Biology ＆ Biochemistry,1999,31( 2) : 221—236
[5] 李骁, 王迎春. 土壤微生物多样性与植物多样性[J]. 内蒙古大学学报: (自然科学版), 2006, 37(6): 708–713
[6] 俞慎,李勇,王俊华,等.土壤微生物生物量作为红壤质量生物指标的探讨[J].土壤学报,1999,36(3):413-421
[7] 甄文超,代丽,胡同乐,等.连作草莓土壤微生物区系动态的研究[J].河北农业大学学报,2005,28(3):70-72
[8] 唐玉姝,魏朝富,颜廷梅,等.土壤质量生物学指标研究进展[J].土壤,2007,39(2):157-163
[9] Burns ＲG． Soil Enzymes． London: Academic Press,1978
[10]李江遐,关强,黄伏森,董兴水,闵凯凯,王子健,马友华. 不同改良剂对矿区土壤重金属有效性及土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2014,06:211-215.
[11]杨思忠,金会军.冻融作用对冻土区微生物胜利和生态的影响[J].生态报,2008,28(10):5065-5074
[12] Barns S M, Tkala S L, Kuske C R, Wide distribution and diversity of members of the bacteria kingdom Acidobacterium in the environment[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1999, 65(4):1731-1737
[13] Ding W-J ( 丁文娟) , Cao Q ( 曹群) ,Zhao L-F ( 赵兰凤) , et al． Effects of biological fertilizer applications on banana wilt disease and soil microorganisms．Journal of Agro-Environment Science ( 农业环境科学学报) ,2014,33( 8) : 1575－1582 ( in Chinese)
[14] Zhang Q, Zhou W, Liang G, et al． Distribution of soilnutrients, extracellular enzyme activities and microbial communities across particle-size fractions in a long-term fertilizer experiment． Applied Soil Ecology, 2015, 94:59－71
[15]汪洪旭. 旅游干扰对九宫山景区土壤养分、微生物群落结构及酶活性的影响[J]. 山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,05:735-740.
[16]秦旭,高文胜,周文杰,吕德国,杨力. 控释肥对苹果园土壤微生物碳源利用能力的影响[J]. 果树学报,2014,05:809-814.
[17]李云,孙波,李忠佩,等 .不同气候条件对旱地红壤微生物群落代谢特征的长期影响[J] . 土壤,2011,43( 1) : 60-66.
[18]宋志文,王琳,徐爱玲,吴等等,夏岩. 人工湿地空气微生物群落碳源代谢特征[J]. 环境科学,2015,36(2):415-420.
[19]林新坚,林斯,邱珊莲,等. 不同培肥模式对茶园土壤微生物活性和群落结构的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2013,01:93-101.
[20]马晓霞,王莲莲,黎青慧,等. 长期施肥对玉米生育期土壤微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响[J]. 生态学报,2012,32(17):5502-5511.
[21]张振平. 中国优质烤烟生态地质背景区划研究[D].西北农林科技大学,2004.
[22]关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究法[M]. 北京：中国农业出版社,1986： 256-312
[23]中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤微生物研究法[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:265-267
[24] 王强,戴九兰,吴大千,等.微生物生态研究中基于 Biolog 方法的数据分析[J].生态学报,2010,20(3):817-823
[25] M. Pawlett, D. W. Hopkins, B. F. Moffett and J. A. Harris.The effect of earthworms and liming on soil microbial communities[J].SBiology and Fertility of Soils,2009,45(4):361-369
[26]杜志敏,郝建设,周静,等．4种改良剂对Cu、Cd复合污染土壤中Cu、Cd形态和土壤酶活性的影响[J]．生态环境学报,2011,20(10)：1507 －1512．
[27] 王强,戴九兰,吴大千,等.微生物生态研究中基于 Biolog 方法的数据分析[J].生态学报,2010,20(3):817-823
[28] 史吉平.长期施肥对土壤有机质及生物学特性的影响[J].Soils and Fertilizers,1998,(3):7-11
[29] 章家恩,刘文高等.不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物数量与土壤肥力的关系[J].Soil and Environmental Sciences,2002,11(2):140-143
[30]Chan Y S G, Wong M H, Whitton B A. Effects of landfill leachate on grwoth and nitrogen fixation of two leguminous trees (Acacia confusa,Leucaena leucocephala)[J]. Water,Air, and Soil Pollution, 1999, 113: 29-40 [21] Hirokim. Effects of heavy metal contamination on soil microbial popu－lation[J]. Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 1992, 38：141-147.
[31]袁英英,李敏清,胡伟,等. 生物有机肥对番茄青枯病的防效及对土壤微生物的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2011,07:1344-1350.
[32]张云伟,徐智,汤利,等. 不同有机肥对烤烟根际土壤微生物的影响[J]. 应用生态学报,2013,09:2551-2556.
[33] 曹承锦,李荣华,张志明．红壤的酶活性与土壤肥力．土壤通报,1986,17( 7) : 15-19
[34] 王涵,王果,黄颖颖,等.pH变化对酸性土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态环境,2008,17(6):2401-2406.
[35] 李兆林,赵敏,王建国,等.施用生石灰对土壤酶活性及大豆产量的影响[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2008,24(4):480-484.
[36] Zhang J ( 张静),Yang J-Z ( 杨江舟), Hu W ( 胡伟),et al．Effect of biological organic fertilizer on soybean red crown rot and soil enzyme activities． Journal of Agro-Environment Science ( 农业环境科学学报 ) ,2012, 31( 3) : 548－554 ( in Chinese)
[37] Mikhailouskaya N, Bogdevitch I． Relations of enzyme activities with different fractions of soil organic matter．Polish Journal of Soil Science, 2009, 42: 175－182
[38]覃潇敏,郑毅,汤利,龙光强. 施氮对玉米//马铃薯间作根际土壤酶活性和硝化势的影响[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2015,06:886-894.
[39] 任全,单武雄,肖润林,等．不同施肥措施对红壤丘陵茶园土壤酶活性及呼吸强度的影响[ J]．农业现代化研究,2007,28( 4) : 498－500.
[40]覃潇敏,郑毅,汤利,龙光强. 玉米与马铃薯间作对根际微生物群落结构和多样性的影响[J]. 作物学报,2015,06:919-928.
[41]张雯雯,徐军,董丰收,刘新刚,向文胜,郑永权. 苄嘧磺隆对水稻田土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报,2014,33(9):1749-1754.
[42]杨永华,姚健,华晓梅. 农药污染对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J]. 微生物学杂志,2000,20(2):23-25,47.
[43]王艳芳,潘凤兵,展星,王功帅,张国栋,胡艳丽,陈学森,毛志泉. 连作苹果土壤实测浓度的 5 种酚酸对平邑甜茶根系抗氧化酶、ROS及线粒体功能的影响[J]. 生态学报,2015,19:.