新型缓释尿素的缓释特性及其在土壤中转化研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030019

中国农学通报 ›› 2018, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 84-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030019

• 资源环境生态土壤气象 • 上一篇下一篇

新型缓释尿素的缓释特性及其在土壤中转化研究

吴振宇,周子军,杨阳,倪晓宇,余立祥,陆荷微,刘斌美,吴跃进,王钰

安徽大学资源与环境工程学院合肥,中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物与农业工程研究所合肥,中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物与农业工程研究所合肥,中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物与农业工程研究所合肥,中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物与农业工程研究所合肥,安徽大学资源与环境工程学院合肥,中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物与农业工程研究所合肥,中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物与农业工程研究所合肥,安徽大学资源与环境工程学院合肥

收稿日期:2017-03-03 修回日期:2017-04-17 接受日期:2017-04-25 出版日期:2018-02-26 发布日期:2018-02-26
通讯作者: 王钰
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“灌溉和缓释尿素对水稻全生育期冠层氨通量的调控机制”(31601828)；中国科学院院企合作重大项目“环境友好新型化肥研发及创新平台建设”(Y19HX14702)；安徽省重大科技攻关项目“土壤肥力快速感知装置与大数据施肥模型研究与应用”(15czz03129)；中国科学院STS项目“河南粮食减肥增效示范”。

Release Characteristics of A New Slow-release Urea Fertilizer and Its Transformation in Soil

Received:2017-03-03 Revised:2017-04-17 Accepted:2017-04-25 Online:2018-02-26 Published:2018-02-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究基于改性基质材料研制的缓释尿素的氮素释放和形态转化特征，笔者通过室内淋溶和土壤培养试验，分析其氮素淋失、氨挥发及氮素形态转化特征。结果表明：砂柱淋溶试验中，普通尿素在第2次淋溶时氮素累积释放率达98.9%，而缓释尿素处理为62.4%。土柱淋溶试验中，缓释尿素前3次氮素淋溶量显著低于普通尿素处理，之后缓释尿素氮素淋溶量总体上高于普通尿素处理；缓释尿素累积氮素淋溶量(144.3 mg N)与普通尿素处理(146.9 mg N)无显著差异。缓释尿素和普通尿素处理的氨挥发速率均在第3天达到峰值，但缓释尿素可使氨挥发损失显著降低41.6%。尿素中的改性基质材料对氮素形态转化无明显影响。因此，该新型缓释尿素的作用机理主要是材料中的网状结构对养分的吸附而表现出保肥效果。

关键词: AMMI模型, AMMI模型, 基因型?环境互作, 产量稳定性, 地点鉴别力, 薏苡

Abstract: To explore the nitrogen release and transformation process of a new matrix-based slow-release urea which was produced based on modified organic-inorganic composite materials, laboratory leaching and incubation experiments were conducted to analyze the nitrogen leaching, ammonia volatilization and nitrogen transformation characteristics. Results showed that compared with common urea, matrix-based slow-release urea reduced nitrogen leaching ratio and increased the supply time of available nitrogen. In sand leaching experiment, cumulative nitrogen leaching ratio in common urea treatment reached 98.9% at the 2nd leaching, while that in matrix-based slow-release urea treatment was 62.4%. In soil leaching experiment, leached nitrogen in matrix-based slow-release urea treatment during the 1st-3rd leaching was significantly lower than that in common urea treatment, and thereafter leached nitrogen in matrix-based slow-release urea treatment were generally greater than that in common urea treatment; the cumulative nitrogen leaching amount in matrix-based slow-release urea treatment (144.3 mg N) had no significant difference with that in common urea treatment (146.9 mg N). Ammonia emission peaked at the 3rd day after fertilization in both common urea and matrix-based slow-release urea treatment. However, cumulative ammonia emission in matrix-based slow-release urea treatment was significantly decreased by 41.6% compared with that in common urea treatment. The modified matrix materials had no effect on nitrogen transformation. Matrix-based slow-release urea reduced nitrogen loss from leaching and ammonia emission, and the mechanism is mainly attributed to the mesh structure of functional materials which can adsorb nutrient such as nitrogen.

中图分类号:

S143.1

吴振宇,周子军,杨阳,倪晓宇,余立祥,陆荷微,刘斌美,吴跃进,王钰. 新型缓释尿素的缓释特性及其在土壤中转化研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(6): 84-90.

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新型缓释尿素的缓释特性及其在土壤中转化研究

Release Characteristics of A New Slow-release Urea Fertilizer and Its Transformation in Soil

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