减水减肥对露天菜田黑土氮淋溶特征的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010071

中国农学通报 ›› 2019, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (21): 50-55.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010071

所属专题：园艺

• 资源环境生态土壤气象 • 上一篇下一篇

减水减肥对露天菜田黑土氮淋溶特征的影响

田雨¹, 李振宇², 徐欣¹, 张锦源³, 陈一民³, 隋跃宇³, 焦晓光¹

1.黑龙江大学农业资源与环境学院;2.黑龙江省绥棱县农业局;3.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所

收稿日期:2019-01-13 修回日期:2019-07-08 接受日期:2019-04-17 出版日期:2019-08-13 发布日期:2019-08-13
通讯作者: 焦晓光
基金资助:
“十三五”国家重点研发计划专项“黑土区氮磷淋溶的阻控机制与措施研究”(2016YFD0800100)；黑龙江省杰出青年科学基金“黑龙江省典型地带性土壤微生物群落结构地理分布格局研究”(JC2018011）。

The Effects of Reducing Irrigation and Chemical Fertilizers on Nitrogen Leaching in Open-air Black Soil Vegetable Filed

Received:2019-01-13 Revised:2019-07-08 Accepted:2019-04-17 Online:2019-08-13 Published:2019-08-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究减水减肥对露天菜田黑土氮素淋溶的影响，本研究以菜田黑土为研究对象，对比分析常规处理（常规施肥量和灌溉量常规处理），减肥处理（80%常规施肥量）、减水处理（80%常规灌溉量）、减水减肥配施秸秆处理（80%水80%肥配施秸秆深埋处理）土壤氮素淋溶的变化特征。试验结果表明：4个处理的土壤铵态氮含量随土壤深度的增加而降低，土壤硝态氮含量在40-60 cm土层达到最低值，后缓慢升高；相较常规水肥处理，减水减肥配施秸秆与减水处理均显著降低了深层土中硝态氮与铵态氮的含量（p<0.05），减少了氮素向下淋溶的风险。随白菜生育期的延长，所有水肥处理土壤淋溶液中硝态氮含量逐渐升高，铵态氮含量逐渐降低；在白菜的各生育期内，与常规处理相比其它3个处理均显著降低了淋溶液中硝态氮和铵态氮含量（p<0.05），减水减肥配施秸秆降低铵态氮淋溶的效果最好。与常规处理相比，减水减肥配施秸秆显著降低了白菜产量，降低幅度为1.98% （p<0.05），减水、减肥处理白菜产量变化幅度较小。综上，减水处理既有效减少了土壤铵态氮与硝态氮的淋溶，又未影响白菜产量，是经济收益最大和环境影响风险最小的可行水肥方案。

关键词: 种植密度, 种植密度, 施肥量, 产量, 薏苡

Abstract: To investigate the effects of reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers on nitrogen leaching in open-air black soil vegetable field, a study was conducted in a Chinese cabbage field. The yield and Nitrogen leaching characteristics under regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers treatment, 80% regular chemical fertilizers treatment (reducing chemical fertilizer treatment), 80% regular irrigation treatment (reducing irrigation treatment) and 80% regular chemical fertilizers and 80% regular irrigation treatment with straw buried deep (reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning treatment) were analyzed. The results show that: nitrogen distribution of four treatments changed regularly with the increase of soil depth. Soil ammonium contents decreased with the increase of soil depth，and soil nitrate content in soil reached the lowest value in the 40-60cm soil layer and then slowly increased. Compared with regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers treatment, both reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning treatment and reducing irrigation treatment significantly reduced nitrate and ammonium contents of in deeper soil (p<0.05), reducing the risk of nitrogen leaching. With the growth of Chinese cabbage, nitrate contents in the leachate of all treatments gradually increased, while ammonium contents gradually decreased. During each growth period of Chinese cabbage, compared with the regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers treatment, the other treatments significantly reduced nitrate and ammonium contents in the soil leachate (p<0.05), and reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning has the best effect on reducing ammonium leaching. Compared with the regular irrigation and chemical fertilizer treatment, The yield of Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced by 1.98% (p<0.05) in the reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning treatment, while reducing chemical fertilizers or irrigation did not significantly affect the yield. The reducing irrigation not only reduced ammonium and nitrate leaching in soil, but also had no significant impact on Chinese cabbage yield. We concluded that the reducing irrigation treatment was the best practice as it maximized economic benefits and minimized potential environmental non-point pollution. Keywords: reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers; open-air vegetable field black soil; nitrogen leaching; yield

田雨,李振宇,徐欣,张锦源,陈一民,隋跃宇,焦晓光. 减水减肥对露天菜田黑土氮淋溶特征的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2019, 35(21): 50-55.

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减水减肥对露天菜田黑土氮淋溶特征的影响

The Effects of Reducing Irrigation and Chemical Fertilizers on Nitrogen Leaching in Open-air Black Soil Vegetable Filed

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