高温天气对玉米新品种‘新单68’农艺性状和产量性状的影响

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以‘新单68’为试验材料,经2016年和2018年两年种植,研究了高温对‘新单68’和对照‘郑单958’生育期、农艺性状及产量性状的影响。结果表明：2018年持续高温天气提早了‘新单68’和对照的成熟期,延长了吐丝—散粉间隔天数。‘新单68’和‘郑单958’的株高、穗位高、雄穗主轴长度均极显著增加,而对总叶片数和雄穗分枝数影响不明显。高温天气使‘郑单958’的百粒重降低、行粒数减少、秃尖增加,产量降低。持续高温天气对‘新单68’产量及产量相关性状也产生了一定影响,但差异不显著。说明与对照相比,‘新单68’有一定程度的耐高温特性。

关键词: 玉米, 高温天气, 农艺性状, 产量性状

Abstract:

In the study, ‘Xindan 68’ was used as materials and ‘Zhengdan 958’ was used as control, the effects of high temperature on the growth period, agronomic characters and yield related traits were studied in 2016 and 2018. The results showed that under the high temperature in 2018, the maturity period of ‘Xindan 68’ and ‘Zhengdan 958’ was ahead of time, and anthesis-to-silking interval was extended. The plant height, ear height, and tassel main axis length of ‘Xindan 68’ and ‘Zhengdan 958’ all increased significantly, but the effect on the total leaf number and tassel branch number was not obvious. Under high temperature, the yield of ‘Zhengdan 958’ decreased, its yield related traits such as 100-kernel weight and kernel number per row were reduced, and its bare ear length increased. The high temperature also had some effects on the yield and yield-related traits of ‘Xindan 68’, but the difference was not significant, indicating that ‘Xindan 68’ had a certain degree of high temperature resistance compared with ‘Zhengdan 958’.

Key words: maize, high temperature, agronomic characters, yield related traits

中图分类号:

S513

卫晓轶, 魏锋, 洪德峰, 马毅, 马俊峰, 王稼苜, 张学舜. 高温天气对玉米新品种‘新单68’农艺性状和产量性状的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2020, 36(18): 22-26.

Wei Xiaoyi, Wei Feng, Hong Defeng, Ma Yi, Ma Junfeng, Wang Jiamu, Zhang Xueshun. High Temperature Affects Agronomic Characters and Yield Related Traits of Maize Hybrid ‘Xindan 68’[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2020, 36(18): 22-26.

图/表 7

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品种	年份	出苗期	拔节期	抽雄期	吐丝期	散粉期	成熟期
新单68	2016	5 a	39 a	54 a	57 a	57 a	104 c
新单68	2018	5 a	38 a	54 a	58 a	56 a	102 d
CK	2016	5 a	40 a	54 a	58 a	58 a	109 a
CK	2018	5 a	41 a	55 a	61 a	58 a	107 b

品种	年份	出苗期	拔节期	抽雄期	吐丝期	散粉期	成熟期
新单68	2016	5 a	39 a	54 a	57 a	57 a	104 c
新单68	2018	5 a	38 a	54 a	58 a	56 a	102 d
CK	2016	5 a	40 a	54 a	58 a	58 a	109 a
CK	2018	5 a	41 a	55 a	61 a	58 a	107 b

品种	年份	株高/cm	穗位高/cm	总叶片数	雄穗主轴长度/cm	雄穗分枝数
新单68	2016	291.3 B	117.5 B	19.7 a	31.4 B	6.7 B
新单68	2018	302.9 A	128.1 A	19.7 a	34.5 A	7.0 B
CK	2016	254.0 D	107.3 C	20.0 a	15.4 D	11.7 A
CK	2018	266.1 C	119.5 B	19.7 a	18.6 C	11.3 A

品种	年份	株高/cm	穗位高/cm	总叶片数	雄穗主轴长度/cm	雄穗分枝数
新单68	2016	291.3 B	117.5 B	19.7 a	31.4 B	6.7 B
新单68	2018	302.9 A	128.1 A	19.7 a	34.5 A	7.0 B
CK	2016	254.0 D	107.3 C	20.0 a	15.4 D	11.7 A
CK	2018	266.1 C	119.5 B	19.7 a	18.6 C	11.3 A

年份	性状	穗位高	总叶片数	雄穗主轴长度	雄穗分枝数
2016年	株高	0.993^**	0.683	0.857^*	0.974^**
	穗位高		0.591	0.912^**	0.894^*
	总叶片数			0.208	-0.500
	雄穗主轴长度				0.551
2018年	株高	0.859^*	0.637	0.755	0.837^*
	穗位高		0.410	0.811*	0.491
	总叶片数			-0.478	0.766
	雄穗主轴长度				0.255