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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 57-64.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0088

所属专题： 油料作物

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

高寒区大豆适宜播种期研究

宫丽娟(), 王萍, 姜蓝齐, 李秀芬, 赵慧颖()   

  1. 黑龙江省气象科学研究所,中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新实验室,哈尔滨 150030
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-12 修回日期:2020-10-19 出版日期:2021-02-15 发布日期:2021-02-25
  • 通讯作者: 赵慧颖
  • 作者简介:宫丽娟,女,1982年出生,辽宁朝阳人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向为气候变化对农业生产的影响。通讯地址：150030 黑龙江省哈尔滨市香坊区电碳路71号 黑龙江省气象科学研究所,E-mail： footprint05@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“基于生态位模型的高寒区大豆潜在适生性研究”(31801253);“东北地区大豆干旱形成的时序特征及多源协同诊断研究”(31671576);“西辽河流域湿地演变特征及其对气候变化的响应研究”(41165005);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目“黑龙江省作物种植结构变化对区域气候的影响研究”(D2018007);中国气象局东北地区生态气象创新开放实验室开放基金项目“基于作物分期播种试验的气象指标验证”(stqx2019zd01)

Suitable Sowing Date of Soybean in the Frigid Region

Gong Lijuan(), Wang Ping, Jiang Lanqi, Li Xiufen, Zhao Huiying()   

  1. Heilongjiang Province Institute of Meteorological Science, Innovation and Opening Laboratory of Regional Eco-Meteorology in Northeast, China Meteorological Administration, Harbin 150030, China
  • Received:2020-05-12 Revised:2020-10-19 Online:2021-02-15 Published:2021-02-25
  • Contact: Zhao Huiying

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摘要：

针对气候变化背景下高寒区大豆播种期生产布局的需要,利用高寒区140个气象站点1971—2018年逐日平均气温、最低气温和1971—2015年逐日平均0~5 cm土层地温资料,对气温稳定通过8℃初日、0~5 cm土层地温稳定通过8℃、9℃、10℃初日、≥10℃活动积温的变化进行分析,选取适宜高寒区大豆播种期的气象指标,并进行高寒区大豆播种期的空间优化。结果表明：近48年高寒区气温稳定通过8℃初日呈明显提前趋势;1971—2015年0~5 cm土层地温稳定通过8℃、9℃、10℃初日提前,东四盟（内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔、兴安盟、通辽和赤峰）提前幅度最大,辽宁最小,空间上表现为初日由南向北递推,辽宁普遍最早,吉林和东四盟南部次之,黑龙江和东四盟中北部普遍较晚;0~5 cm土层地温稳定通过9℃可作为黑龙江、吉林和辽宁的大豆播种期气象指标,0~5 cm土层地温稳定通过10℃适合东四盟作为大豆播种期气象指标。综合大豆气象指标和品种熟性的高寒区播种期空间优化为应对气候变化及大豆生产布局起到积极的指导作用。

关键词: 大豆, 气温, 地温, 播种期, 高寒区

Abstract:

This research aims to investigate the optimum sowing date of soybean in frigid region under the background of climate change. Based on the daily average temperature and minimum temperature from 1971 to 2018 and daily average ground temperature at the soil depth of 0~5 cm from 1971 to 2015 of 140 meteorological stations in the frigid region, the temporal - spatial distribution of the first date of the temperature reaching 8℃, 0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 8℃, 9℃, 10℃, and the variation of ≥10℃ accumulated temperature were analyzed. The trend of the first date for temperature reaching 8℃ was clearly ahead in recent 48 years. While the first date of 0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 8℃, 9℃ and 10℃ advanced. The largest advance of the first date of 0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 8℃, 9℃ and 10℃ was in the four eastern leagues (Hulun Buir, Hinggan League, Tongliao and Chifeng of Inner Mongolia), and the smallest was in Liaoning. The first date of temperature reaching 8℃ and 0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 8℃, 9℃ and 10℃ were postponed from south to north in space, and the first date in Liaoning was the earliest, followed by that in Jilin and south of the four eastern leagues, and was relatively late in Heilongjiang and the north-central of the four eastern leagues. 0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 9℃ could be regarded as the agro-meteorological index of sowing date in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning, while 0~5 cm ground temperature reaching 10℃ could be used as the index of sowing date in the four eastern leagues. The spatial optimization of sowing date for soybean which combines agro-meteorological with variety maturity is critical for production layout against climatic change.

Key words: soybean, air temperature, ground temperature, sowing date, frigid region

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