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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (13): 29-34.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0330

所属专题： 园艺

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

截干措施对刺槐种子园采种树表型性状和营养元素的影响

韩超1(), 毕伟1,2, 段安安2, 武红柱3, 孙宇涵1, 苏立琢4, 杨志恒4, 牛东生5, 王红生6, 刘佳平5, 韩佩尧1, 刘晓迪1, 李云1()   

  1. 1北京林木分子设计育种高精尖创新中心/国家林业与草原局刺槐工程技术研究中心/林木育种国家工程实验室/北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083
    2西南林业大学林学院,昆明 650224
    3山西省林业种苗管理总站,太原 030012
    4凌海市生态建设发展中心,辽宁凌海 121228
    5吉县刺槐种子园,山西吉县 042200
    6吉县林业局种苗站,山西吉县 042200
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-05 修回日期:2020-11-23 出版日期:2021-05-05 发布日期:2021-05-18
  • 通讯作者: 李云
  • 作者简介:韩超,男,1995年出生,河北保定人,硕士,主要从事刺槐育种工作。通信地址：100083 北京市海淀区清华东路35号 北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,E-mail：hanchao1102@bjfu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发课题“刺槐速生建筑材林高效培育技术研究”(2017YFD0600503);国家自然科学基金项目“刺槐不去雄条件下实施控制授粉的花粉竞争与子代选择机制”(31570677);国家林业和草原局科技发展中心项目“植物新品种特异性、一致性、稳定性测试指南 紫穗槐属”(2016007)

Effects of Truncation Measures on the Phenotypic Characters and Nutrient Elements of Seed Harvesting Trees in Seed Orchard of Robinia pseudoacacia

Han Chao1(), Bi Wei1,2, Duan An’an2, Wu Hongzhu3, Sun Yuhan1, Su Lizhuo4, Yang Zhiheng4, Niu Dongsheng5, Wang Hongsheng6, Liu Jiaping5, Han Peiyao1, Liu Xiaodi1, Li Yun1()   

  1. 1Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design/ Engineering Technology Research Center of Robinia pseudoacacia of National Forestry and Grassland Administration/ National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding/ College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083
    2College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224
    3Shanxi Forestry Seedling Management Station, Taiyuan 042200
    4Linghai Ecological Construction and Development Center, Linghai Liaoning 121228
    5Seed Garden of Robinia pseudoacacia in Jixian County, Jixian Shanxi 042200
    6Seedling Station of Jixian Forestry Bureau, Jixian Shanxi 042200
  • Received:2020-08-05 Revised:2020-11-23 Online:2021-05-05 Published:2021-05-18
  • Contact: Li Yun

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摘要：

随着树龄增加,刺槐种子园的采种树出现结果部位上移、采种困难、产种率下降以及树体衰弱等问题,针对出现的问题,对树体进行截干矮化处理,探究截干措施的效果和营养元素的变化规律。以2个试验基地的刺槐种子园的采种树为研究对象,3个截干高度处理(0.8、1.0、1.2 m),在2016年和2017年分别进行截干,在2018年进行表型调查和营养元素含量分析。凌海基地3个截干高度的采种树的当年生枝条长度、花序量显著优于未截干采种树,对比试验中发现截干高度为1.0 m时采种树在分枝长度和花序数量表现最优;测定10种营养元素发现不同的截干高度对P、Mg的吸收均有显著促进作用。吉县基地刺槐种子园研究结果表明2017年和2016年截干均优于未截干采种树,截干措施能够显著提高采种树的当年生枝条长度和基径、复叶量和复叶重;2017年截干的采种树有利于Mg元素吸收。研究结果可为今后刺槐种子园矮化栽培和树体营养元素平衡提供依据。

关键词: 刺槐, 种子园, 截干, 表型性状, 营养元素

Abstract:

With the increasing of tree age, there are problems in the seed trees of Robinia pseudoacaia seed orchard, such as high fruit position, difficult seed collection, low seed production rate and weak tree body. In view of these problems, the trunk of seed trees were truncated and dwarfed to explore the effect of trunk truncating measures and the changing law of nutrient elements. Taking the seed trees in two experimental bases of R. pseudoacacia seed orchard as the research object, three truncating height treatments (0.8, 1.0 and 1.2 m) were conducted respectively in 2016 and 2017, and phenotypic investigation and nutrient content analysis were conducted in 2018. The results showed that the branch length and inflorescence amount of the seed trees with three cutting height in Linghai base were significantly better than those of the non-truncating trees. In the comparative experiment, it was found that the branch length and inflorescence number of the seed trees were the best when the truncating height was 1.0 m; the determination of 10 nutrient elements showed that different truncating height had significant promoting effect on the absorption of both P and Mg element. The results of the research on R. pseudoacacia seed orchard in Jixian base showed that truncating trunk seed trees in 2017 and 2016 were superior to that of non-truncating seed trees, and the cutting measures could significantly improve the length and base diameter of the current-year-branches, and the amount and weight of compound leaves; the trunk truncating trees were conducive to Mg element absorption in 2017. These results could provide a basis for dwarf cultivation and nutrient balance of tree body in the seed orchard of R. pseudoacacia in the future.

Key words: Robinia pseudoacaia, seed orchard, truncation, phenotypic characters, nutrient elements

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