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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (26): 50-57.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0591

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

灌水量和种植密度的配置对干热河谷紫甘蓝生物量分配、产量及水分利用效率的影响

李建查1(), 李坤1, 潘志贤1, 孙毅1, 方海东1, 史亮涛1, 张雷2, 岳学文1()   

  1. 1云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,云南元谋 651300
    2云南省水利水电科学研究院,昆明 650228
  • 收稿日期:2020-10-26 修回日期:2021-06-22 出版日期:2021-09-15 发布日期:2021-09-30
  • 通讯作者: 岳学文
  • 作者简介:李建查,女,1988年出生,云南宣威人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事农田生态学研究。通信地址:651300云南省楚雄州元谋县南城街150号 云南省农业科学院热区生态农业研究所,E-mail: 921271713@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    云南省重点研发计划项目“云南省干热河谷区生态修复技术研究与产业化示范”(2019BC001-02)

Effects of Irrigation Amount and Planting Density on Biomass Allocation, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Purple Cabbage in Arid-hot Valley

Li Jiancha1(), Li Kun1, Pan Zhixian1, Sun Yi1, Fang Haidong1, Shi Liangtao1, Zhang Lei2, Yue Xuewen1()   

  1. 1Institute of Tropical Eco-agricultural Sciences, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yuanmou Yunnan 651300
    2Yunnan Institute of Water Resource and Hydropower Research, Kunming 650228
  • Received:2020-10-26 Revised:2021-06-22 Online:2021-09-15 Published:2021-09-30
  • Contact: Yue Xuewen

摘要:

为了揭示灌水量和种植密度配置下干热河谷紫甘蓝(Brassica oleracea var.capitata rubra)产量形成机理,研究了不同灌水量5800 m3/hm2(I1)、4900 m3/hm2(I2)、4600 m3/hm2(I3)和不同种植密度79200株/hm2(D1)、52800株/hm2(D2)、39600株/hm2(D3)配置对紫甘蓝生物量特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:灌水量对紫甘蓝植株外叶鲜重、茎鲜重和茎比例有显著影响,灌水量减少降低了外叶-地上生物量的异速生长指数,紫甘蓝将更多的生物量分配到外叶中。随着种植密度的降低,紫甘蓝外叶鲜重、茎鲜重、叶球鲜重、外叶生物量、茎生物量、叶球生物量和总生物量均显著增加,外叶比例显著降低,叶球比例增加,生物量异速生长关系变化不明显。影响紫甘蓝生物量特性的主要因素是种植密度,灌水量影响较小,其交互作用不显著。I2D3处理的生物量特性主成分分析得分最高,灌溉水利用效率最高,经济产量较高。这表明,I2D3处理为紫甘蓝最佳灌水量和种植密度。本研究结果可为干热河谷紫甘蓝高产高效生产提供理论依据。

关键词: 紫甘蓝, 生物量分配, 水分利用效率, 灌水量, 种植密度, 干热河谷

Abstract:

The study is to assess the effects of irrigation amount and planting density on biomass characteristics, yield, and water use efficiency of purple cabbage. The configuration effects of irrigation amount (I1 5800 m3/hm2、I2 4900 m3/hm2、I3 4600 m3/hm2) and planting density (D1 79200 plants/hm2、D2 52800 plants/hm2、D3 39600 plants/hm2) on biomass characteristics, yield and water use efficiency of purple cabbage were studied. The results showed that the fresh weight of leaf and stem, and the fraction of stem of purple cabbage were significantly affected by the irrigation amount. The allometric coefficients of outer leaf to above-ground biomass reduced with the decrease of irrigation water, so more biomass was distributed to the outer leaf of purple cabbage. The fresh and dry weight of leaf, stem and cabbage head, as well as the total biomass, increased significantly with the decrease of planting density. With decreased planting density, the fraction of outer leaf decreased significantly, but the fraction of cabbage head increased. There was no significant difference in the allometric growth of biomass in each treatment. Planting density was the main factor affecting the biomass characteristics of purple cabbage. There was a small effect of irrigation amount on the biomass of purple cabbage and the interaction between irrigation amount and planting density on biomass characteristics in purple cabbage was not significant. The principal component analysis (PCA) scores of biomass characteristics and the water utilization efficiency of I2D3 treatment were the highest, while its economic yield was good, so the I2D3 was the best among all the treatments. The study can provide a basis for high yield and high-efficiency production of purple cabbage in arid-hot Valley.

Key words: purple cabbage, biomass allocation, water use efficiency, irrigation amount, planting density, Arid-hot Valley

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