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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (25): 76-84.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0660

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

水肥耦合对快速生长期北沙参生长及品质的影响

郭严冬1(), 房海灵1, 汤兴利2, 周义峰1,3, 张明霞1()   

  1. 1江苏省中国科学院植物研究所/江苏省植物资源研究与利用重点实验室,南京 210014
    2南京农业大学园艺学院,南京 210014
    3中国科学院南京分院东台滩涂研究院,江苏东台 224237
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-16 修回日期:2021-06-03 出版日期:2021-09-05 发布日期:2021-09-23
  • 通讯作者: 张明霞
  • 作者简介:郭严冬,女,1990年出生,江苏宿迁人,研究实习员,硕士,主要从事植物资源与环境方面的研究。通信地址：210014 江苏省南京市玄武区前湖后村1号 南京中山植物园,Tel：025-84347014,E-mail： gydshnu@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家海洋公益性行业科研专项项目“滨海盐碱地几种资源综合利用技术集成与示范”(201505023);江苏省农业种质资源保护与利用平台项目“药用植物种质资源圃”

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Growth and Quality of Glehnia littoralis in Rapid Growth Period

Guo Yandong1(), Fang Hailing1, Tang Xingli2, Zhou Yifeng1,3, Zhang Mingxia1()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources/ Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014
    2College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210014
    3Dongtai Institute of Tidal Flat, Nanjing Branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dongtai Jiangsu 224237
  • Received:2020-11-16 Revised:2021-06-03 Online:2021-09-05 Published:2021-09-23
  • Contact: Zhang Mingxia

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摘要：

为探讨滨海盐碱地种植北沙参适宜的施肥量与灌溉量,减少氮素损失,提高水肥利用效率,研究水肥耦合对快速生长期北沙参株高、抗氧化酶活性指标、渗透调节物质及活性成分的影响,并通过大田试验验证。结果显示,在北沙参整个生育过程中,株高在6月中旬—8月上旬增高最快;水肥耦合对北沙参植株生长具有显著影响,水分充足条件下,增施肥料能显著增加北沙参植株株高。在水分胁迫条件下,适当的增施氮肥,北沙参叶片中SOD、CAT、POD活性均呈升高的趋势;在施肥量相同时,北沙参叶片中SOD、CAT、POD活性随土壤水分含量的增加呈降低趋势;其中,SOD、CAT、POD活性分别在处理40天(W2F3)、处理40天(W2F3)、处理60天(W3F2)处理组最高,分别为38.246、89.761、85.222 U/(g·FW)。在相同水分条件下,叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸含量均随施肥量的增加而增加;在相同施肥条件下,叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离脯氨酸含量均随土壤水分含量的增加呈下降的趋势;其中,W2F3（土壤相对含水量为60%~70%,施肥量240~360 kg/hm2）处理组叶片中可溶性糖含量较W2F1（土壤相对含水量为60%~70%,施肥量120~180 kg/hm2）处理组提高了26.6%,W2F2（土壤相对含水量为60%~70%,施肥量180~270 kg/hm2）处理组叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量较W2F1处理组提高了47.11%~90.47%,W2F3处理组叶片中游离脯氨酸含量比W2F1处理组提高了11.93%~36.95%。中度和轻度水分胁迫耦合适量氮钾营养极大地刺激了北沙参内香豆素类成分的合成,其中,W2F2处理组中内香豆素类总量最高(0.011%)。综上,在轻度和中度水分胁迫条件下,增施氮/钾肥有利于北沙参中抗氧化酶活性的提高以及渗透调节物质和香豆素类成分的积累,对于植物在非生物胁迫下生长具有重要意义。

关键词: 北沙参, 水肥耦合, 快速生长期, 生理指标, 品质

Abstract:

The paper aims to select the appropriate amount of fertilizer and irrigation of Glehnia littoralis in coastal saline alkali land, reduce the loss of nitrogen and improve the efficiency of water and fertilizer utilization and standardize the planting of G. littoralis. The effects of water and fertilizer coupling on plant height, antioxidant enzyme activity index, osmoregulation substances and active components of G. littoralis in rapid growth period were studied, and the best combination of water and fertilizer coupling application was selected and verified by field experiment. The results show that in the whole growth process of G. littoralis, the plant height increased the fastest from the middle of June to early August; water and fertilizer coupling had a significant effect on plant growth of G. littoralis; under the condition of sufficient water, the plant height of G. littoralis could be significantly increased by applying fertilizer. Under the condition of water stress, the activities of SOD, CAT and POD in the leaves of G. littoralis increased with the appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer, while those in the leaves of G. littoralis decreased with the increase of soil water content at the same fertilization amount; the activities of SOD, CAT and POD were the highest on 40 d (W2F3), 40 d (W2F3), and 60 d (W3F2), which were 38.246, 89.761 and 85.222 U/(g·FW), respectively. Under the same water condition, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and free proline in leaves increased with the increase of fertilizer application amount; under the same fertilization condition, those in leaves decreased with the increase of soil water content; the soluble sugar content of W2F3 (relative soil water content of 60%-70%, and fertilizer amount of 240-360 kg/hm2) treatment group was 26.6% higher than that of W2F1 (relative soil water content of 60%-70%, and fertilizer amount of 120-180 kg/hm2) treatment group, soluble protein content of W2F2 (relative soil water content of 60%-70%, and fertilizer amount of 180-270 kg/hm2) treatment group was 47.11%-90.47% higher than that of W2F1 treatment group, and free proline content of W2F3 treatment group was 11.93%-36.95% higher than that of W2F1 treatment group. Moderate and mild water stress coupled with appropriate nitrogen and potassium nutrition could greatly stimulate the synthesis of coumarins in G. littoralis, in which, the total content of coumarins in W2F2 treatment group was the highest (0.011%). The comprehensive study shows that under mild and moderate water stress condition, the application of N/K fertilizer is beneficial to improving antioxidant enzyme activity and accumulating osmoregulation substances and coumarins, which is very important for plant growth under abiotic stress.

Key words: Glehnia littoralis, water and fertilizer coupling, rapid growth period, physiological index, quality

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