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中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (34): 133-140.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0795

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

咪鲜胺防治菠萝黑腐病效果评价

沈会芳1(), 杨祁云1, 蒲小明1, 张景欣1, 孙大元1, 林伟2, 陈雨生3, 林壁润1(), 李晓刚4   

  1. 1广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广州 510640
    2湛江市农业科学研究院,广东湛江 524094
    3雷州市农业科学研究所,广东湛江 524267
    4济南海关动植物检疫处,济南 250002
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-16 修回日期:2021-09-23 出版日期:2021-12-05 发布日期:2022-01-06
  • 通讯作者: 林壁润
  • 作者简介:沈会芳,女,1973年出生,安徽宿州人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:特色作物病虫害及防控技术研究。通信地址:510640 广东省广州市天河五山金颖路7号 广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所,Tel:020-85161048,E-mail: 951781658@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    广东省乡村振兴战略专项资金(农业科技能力)提升课题“菠萝主栽品种无或少“黑心病”、“水菠萝”绿色防控技术研究与示范”(403-2018-XMZC-0002-90);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队“绿色发展共性关键技术创新团队建设项目”(2021KJ112)

Evaluation of Control Effects of Prochloraz on Black Rot of Pineapple

Shen Huifang1(), Yang Qiyun1, Pu Xiaoming1, Zhang Jingxin1, Sun Dayuan1, Lin Wei2, Chen Yusheng3, Lin Birun1(), Li Xiaogang4   

  1. 1Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Key Laboratory of New Technique for Plant Protection, Guangzhou 510640
    2Zhanjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang Guangdong 524094
    3Leizhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang Guangdong 524267
    4Animal and Plant Quarantine Division of Jinan Customs District, People’s Republic of China, Jinan 250002
  • Received:2020-12-16 Revised:2021-09-23 Online:2021-12-05 Published:2022-01-06
  • Contact: Lin Birun

摘要:

评价咪鲜胺对菠萝黑腐病菌的抑杀作用,优化其防治菠萝黑腐病方法,为病害防治提供实用技术。采用生长速率法测定7种杀菌剂对黑腐病菌的生物活性;用光学显微镜观察咪鲜胺对病菌生长发育的影响;以菠萝果实为材料,评价咪鲜胺在不同使用浓度和不同浸果时间对黑腐病的防治效果,以优化其使用技术;测定处理后菠萝果实风味指标和咪鲜胺在菠萝果实的残留,明确咪鲜胺对菠萝果实品质的影响。结果显示,在7种杀菌剂中,咪鲜胺对黑腐病菌的抑制作用最强,EC50为0.01 μg/mL;0.05 μg/mL咪鲜胺可抑制芽管分化形成菌丝,从而严重抑制病菌的生长发育过程。用500 μg/mL咪鲜胺浸果1 min,28℃贮藏8、12、16天时,对黑腐病的防治效果可达70%~75%,防控效果稳定;处理后2 h、1天、2天、3天、4天、5天,咪鲜胺残留低于国家最高残留限量;处理后8、12、16、20天,菠萝果实可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸的含量与对照组差异不显著,但维生素C含量高于对照组。研究表明,咪鲜胺对菠萝黑腐病菌有较强的抑制作用,500 μg/mL咪鲜胺浸果1 min可有效防治菠萝果实采后黑腐病,保持菠萝果实的品质,不影响农产品安全。

关键词: 菠萝黑腐病, 奇异根串珠霉, 咪鲜胺, 残留, 果实品质, 防治技术

Abstract:

The paper aims to evaluate the inhibitive effects of prochloraz on Thielaviopsis paradoxa, optimize the control method of prochloraz on black rot of pineapple and provide a practical technique for disease control. Biological activity of seven fungicides to pathogens was determined by mycelia growth inhibition methods. The effect of prochloraz on the growth of pathogens was observed by light microscope. Pineapple fruit was used as the material to evaluate the control effects of prochloraz at different concentrations and soaking time. According to the test results, the control technology of prochloraz was optimized. At the same time, the influence of prochloraz on the quality of pineapple was determined by detecting the flavor indexes and the residue in treated fruits. The results showed that prochloraz had the strongest inhibitory effect on pathogen, and the EC50 was 0.01 μg/mL. 0.05 μg/mL prochloraz could inhibit the mycelial formation from germ tubes, so the growth and development of the pathogen were seriously inhibited. After soaking in 500 μg/mL prochloraz solution for 1 min, the pineapples fruits were stored at 28℃. The control effect of prochloraz on black rot of pineapple could reach 70% to 75% at 8, 12, and 16 d. After treating with prochloraz for 2 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 5 d, the residue of prochloraz was lower than the national residue limit. The contents of soluble solids, total sugar, total acid in pineapple fruits were not significantly different from those in the control fruits after treating with prochloraz for 8, 12, 16 and 20 d, but the contents of vitamin C was higher than that of the control fruits. In conclusion, prochloraz has strong inhibitory effects on Thielaviopsis paradoxa, 500 μg/mL prochloraz soaking fruit for 1 min could effectively control the black rot of pineapple, keep fruit quality and did not affect the safety of agricultural products.

Key words: black rot of pineapple, Thielaviopsis paradoxa, prochloraz, residue, fruit quality, control technique

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