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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (28): 43-49.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0832

所属专题： 生物技术

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

菜豆的生长发育及生理特性研究

何永恒1(), 冯国军2(), 刘大军2, 刘畅2, 杨晓旭2, 闫志山2   

  1. 1黑龙江大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨 150080
    2黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院,哈尔滨 150080
  • 收稿日期:2020-12-24 修回日期:2021-07-08 出版日期:2021-10-05 发布日期:2021-10-28
  • 通讯作者: 冯国军
  • 作者简介:何永恒,男,1995年出生,内蒙古呼和浩特人,硕士,研究方向：寒区作物种质资源创新及利用。通信地址：150080 黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路74号,E-mail： h15647480602@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省应用技术研究与开发计划重大项目“寒地果菜优质高效栽培技术研究与应用”(GA19B102)

Study on the Growth, Development and Physiological Characteristics of Common Beans

He Yongheng1(), Feng Guojun2(), Liu Dajun2, Liu Chang2, Yang Xiaoxu2, Yan Zhishan2   

  1. 1College of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
    2College of Modern Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080
  • Received:2020-12-24 Revised:2021-07-08 Online:2021-10-05 Published:2021-10-28
  • Contact: Feng Guojun

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摘要：

为明确不同生长类型菜豆花芽分化及生长发育、生理特性的变化规律,以蔓生菜豆‘将军’和矮生菜豆‘热那亚’为材料,比较发育前期菜豆各阶段开始及持续时间,测定绝对生长速率、蛋白质含量和光合指标,观察花芽分化规律和形态结构。结果表明,‘热那亚’苗期和花期持续时间分别比‘将军’少15天和10天;‘热那亚’出苗后15天内绝对生长速率是‘将军’的2.14倍,‘将军’的花期是‘热那亚’的2.12倍;‘热那亚’在出苗后15天开始花芽分化,比‘将军’早2~3天,且该品种多数花芽集中在10天完成分化和发育,比‘将军’缩短一半的时间;‘热那亚’花芽分化期蛋白质含量显著低于‘将军’,花期显著高于‘将军’;但‘热那亚’各时期光合指标均显著高于‘将军’。研究发现,矮生菜豆‘热那亚’花芽分化早,花期短,生长速率先高后低,变化速率较快,且光合速率高于同时期蔓生菜豆‘将军’,可为矮生蔓生菜豆合理种植提供参考。

关键词: 菜豆, 生长习性, 发育时期, 花芽分化, 形态学, 生理指标

Abstract:

The study aims to clarify the different growth types of common bean flower bud differentiation, growth and development, and changes in physiological characteristics. By using trailing common bean ‘Jiangjun’ and dwarf common bean ‘Renaya’ as materials, the beginning and duration of each stage in the early development period were compared. The absolute growth rate, protein content and photosynthetic index were determined. In addition, the differentiation regularity and morphological structure of flower buds were observed. The results showed that the duration of the seedling stage and flowering stage of ‘Renaya’ was 15 days and 10 days shorter than those of ‘Jiangjun’ respectively. The absolute growth rate of ‘Renaya’ within 15 days after emergence was 2.14 times that of ‘Jiangjun’, and the flowering stage of ‘Jiangjun’ was 2.12 times that of ‘Renaya’. Time of flower bud differentiation of ‘Renaya’ which was 15 days after emergence was 2-3 days earlier than that of ‘Jiangjun’. Most of the flower buds of ‘Renaya’ completed differentiation and development within 10 days, which was half the time of ‘Jiangjun’. The protein content of ‘Renaya’ during flower bud differentiation was significantly lower than that of ‘Jiangjun’, and the content in flowering stage was observably higher than that of ‘Jiangjun’. However, the photosynthetic indicators of ‘Renaya’ in each stage were significantly higher than that of ‘Jiangjun’. In conclusion, the dwarf common bean ‘Renaya’ has early flower buds differentiation and short flowering period. Its growth rate is first high then low, and the rate of change is relatively fast. ‘Renaya’ also has a higher rate of photosynthesis than the trailing common bean ‘Jiangjun’ of the same period. This study can provide planting references for dwarf common bean.

Key words: common bean, growth habit, development period, flower bud differentiation, morphology, physiological index

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