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中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (18): 1-7.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0829

所属专题: 生物技术 小麦

• 农学·农业基础科学 •    下一篇

播期和密度对江苏淮北强筋小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响

金彦刚1(), 丁锦峰1,2(), 袁权3, 夏中华1, 殷静4, 杨永乐1, 刘海浪1, 任仰涛1, 陈伟1, 李珍富1, 赵其兵1, 卫万娟1, 郑雅月1   

  1. 1江苏瑞华农业科技有限公司/江苏省小麦商业化育种工程技术研究中心,江苏宿迁 223800
    2扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/扬州大学小麦研究中心,江苏扬州 225009
    3江苏农民培训学院,江苏宿迁 223800
    4宿迁国家粮食储备有限公司,江苏宿迁 223800
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-31 修回日期:2021-12-05 出版日期:2022-06-25 发布日期:2022-07-14
  • 通讯作者: 丁锦峰
  • 作者简介:金彦刚,男,1987年出生,甘肃天水人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向:小麦育种及栽培技术研究。通信地址:223800 江苏省宿迁市宿城区粮食物流园9号江苏瑞华农业科技有限公司,Tel:0527-84292236,E-mail: 17949721@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目“淮北麦区优质高产抗赤霉病小麦新品种培育”(PZCZ201706);江苏省工程技术研究中心建设项目“江苏省小麦商业化育种工程技术研究中心”(BM2019350);江苏现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“江苏(宿城)现代农业(稻麦)科技综合示范基地建设”(JATS[2021]317);江苏省科技副总项目“江苏省优质高产高效小麦品种关键特征及其配套栽培技术”(FZ20211472)

Sowing Date and Planting Density of Strong-gluten Wheat in Huaibei Area of Jiangsu: Effects on Grain Yield and Quality

JIN Yangang1(), DING Jinfeng1,2(), YUAN Quan3, XIA Zhonghua1, YIN Jing4, YANG Yongle1, LIU Hailang1, REN Yangtao1, CHEN Wei1, LI Zhenfu1, ZHAO Qibing1, WEI Wanjuan1, ZHENG Yayue1   

  1. 1Jiangsu Ruihua Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd.,/Engineering & Technology Research Center for Wheat Commercial Improvement in Jiangsu, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800
    2Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Wheat Research Institute, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009
    3Jiangsu Farmer Training College, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800
    4Suqian National Grain Reserve Co., Ltd., Suqian, Jiangsu 223800
  • Received:2021-08-31 Revised:2021-12-05 Online:2022-06-25 Published:2022-07-14
  • Contact: DING Jinfeng

摘要:

旨在为江苏淮北地区小麦优质高产栽培提供参考,以优质强筋品种‘瑞华麦506’为材料,研究了播期(10月5日、15日、25日、11月4日和14日)和密度(2.1×106、2.7×106和3.3×106/hm2)对温光利用、籽粒产量和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明,播期延迟减少了出苗至越冬始期累积积温和日照时数以及花后累积日照时数。迟播显著降低了茎蘖数和穗数,但不同程度增加了每穗粒数和千粒重,籽粒产量以10月15日播种最高。每晚播种10天,生育期、积温、日照时数和穗数分别减少8.5天、108℃、38 h和3.85×105/hm2,产量损失700 kg/hm2。推迟播期降低了面粉吸水率,但增加了籽粒容重、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和面团稳定时间。增加密度对籽粒品质影响不显著。综合而言,10月15日播种、采用2.7×106/hm2密度是江苏淮北强筋小麦协同高产优质的适宜组合。

关键词: 强筋小麦, 播期, 密度, 温光利用, 籽粒产量, 籽粒品质

Abstract:

In order to provide reference for good-quality and high-yield wheat production in the Huaibei area of Jiangsu, the effects of different sowing dates (October 5, 15 and 25, November 4 and 14) and planting densities (2.1×106, 2.7×106 and 3.3×106 plants per hectare) on temperature and sunshine utilization, grain yield and grain quality of wheat were studied with good-quality strong-gluten wheat cultivar ‘Ruihuamai506’ as material. The results showed that the delay of sowing date decreased the accumulated temperature and sunshine hours from seedling emergence to the beginning of the overwintering stage and the accumulated sunshine hours after anthesis. Late sowing significantly decreased the number of main stem tillers and spikes, but increased the number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight to different degrees. The highest grain yield was achieved on the sowing date of October 15. Late sowing by every 10 days decreased the growth period, accumulated temperature, sunshine hours, and spike number by 8.5 days, 108℃, 38 h and 3.85×105/hm2, respectively, and the yield loss was 700 kg/hm2. The sowing delay decreased water absorption of flour but improved the grain bulk density, grain protein content, wet gluten content and dough stabilization time. Increasing planting density had no significant effect on grain quality. In conclusion, sowing on October 15 and using 2.7×106 plants per hectare is the appropriate production combination of strong-gluten wheat with high yield and high quality in the Huaibei area of Jiangsu Province.

Key words: strong-gluten wheat, sowing date, planting density, utilization of temperature and sunshine, grain yield, grain quality

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