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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (23): 150-155.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0935

所属专题： 生物技术； 水稻

• 工程·机械·水利·装备 • 上一篇    下一篇

机收再生稻履带窄幅化改制及宽窄行配套栽插减损效果研究初报

林席跃1(), 雷正平1, 伍先群1, 黄素华2(), 邵彩虹3, 杨树林1, 黎明强1, 刘金萍1, 甘金华1, 温南卉4   

  1. 1崇义县农业技术推广中心,江西崇义 341300
    2中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京 100081
    3江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,南昌 340109
    4上犹县农业技术推广中心,江西上犹 341200
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-30 修回日期:2021-12-03 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2022-08-08
  • 通讯作者: 黄素华
  • 作者简介:林席跃,男,1966年出生,江西崇义人,高级农艺师,研究方向为农作物栽培技术研究与推广。通信地址：341300 江西省赣州市崇义县横水镇阳岭大道县政务大楼507室 崇义县农业技术推广中心,E-mail： lflglinxiyao@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    科技部“十三五”国家重点研发计划-粮食丰产增效科技创新专项-“长江中下游东部双季稻区生产能力提升与肥药精准施用丰产增效关键技术研究与模式构建”(2017YFD0301600);科技部“十三五”国家重点研发计划-粮食丰产增效科技创新专项-“江西双季稻区绿色规模化丰产增效技术集成与示范”(2018YFD0301105)

The Damage Reduction Effect of Narrowing Harvester Track and Wide-narrow Row Planting in the Mechanized Harvesting of Ratooning Rice

LIN Xiyue1(), LEI Zhengping1, WU Xianqun1, HUANG Suhua2(), SHAO Caihong3, YANG Shulin1, LI Mingqiang1, LIU Jinping1, GAN Jinhua1, WEN Nanhui4   

  1. 1Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Chongyi County, Chongyi, Jiangxi 341300
    2Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
    3Institute of Soil Fertilizer Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 340109
    4Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Shangyou County, Shangyou, Jiangxi 341200
  • Received:2021-09-30 Revised:2021-12-03 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2022-08-08
  • Contact: HUANG Suhua

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摘要：

研究旨在探讨有效降低再生稻头季机收对蓄留稻桩的碾压损伤,提高再生季产量和生产效益。通过收割机履带窄幅化改制及宽窄行配套栽插大区比较试验,调查分析了宽窄行栽插对再生稻头季生物量的影响,验证了窄幅履带的减损效果。结果表明：相比等行距栽插,宽窄行栽插有效增加头季稻群体生物量、成穗率和产量;同时,宽窄行栽插有效降低履带对蓄留稻桩的碾压面积,减少机收碾压对再生季产量损失,实现增产增效。使用窄幅履带机收配套宽窄行栽插可实现两季总产量16309.22 kg/hm2,比对照增产2206.2 kg/hm2、增幅15.64%;宽窄行栽插实现再生季产量5897.87 kg/hm2,比对照增产807.41 kg/hm2、增幅15.86%;使用窄幅履带机收较宽履带减少再生季产量损失1288.16 kg/hm2,损失率下降了19.8%。该试验形成了相关的技术模式,具有成本低、易操作、效果好等特点,适合丘陵山区再生稻生产区推广应用。

关键词: 机收再生稻, 收割机履带, 窄幅化改制, 宽窄行栽插

Abstract:

The purpose is to effectively reduce the rolling damage to rice stubble caused by mechanized harvesting in the main-crop (MC), and to improve the yield and productivity effect in the ratoon-crop (RC). Through the large area comparison test of narrowing harvester track and wide-narrow row planting, the effect of wide-narrow row planting on the biomass of the main-crop was investigated, and the damage reduction effect of narrowing harvester track was verified. The results showed that, compared with equal row planting, wide-narrow row planting effectively increased the biomass, panicle rate and yield of rice in main-crop. At the same time, wide-narrow row planting could effectively reduce the rolling area of the harvester track on residual stubble, reduce the yield loss of ratoon-crop caused by harvester rolling, and realize yield and efficiency increase simultaneously. The total yield of 16,309.22 kg/hm2 in the two seasons (MC+RC) could be achieved by adopting narrowing harvester track and wide-narrow row planting, which was 2,206.2 kg/hm2 higher than that of the control, with an increase of 15.64%. The yield of wide-narrow row planting in ratoon-crop was 5,897.87 kg/hm2, which was 807.41 kg/hm2 higher than that of the control, with an increase of 15.86%. Using narrowing harvester track could reduce the yield loss of ratoon-crop by 1288.16 kg/hm2 compared with the wide harvester track, and the damage rate decrease was 19.8%. The technical model established by the study is of low cost, easy operation and good effect, and suitable for promotion in ratooning rice production areas in hilly and mountainous areas.

Key words: mechanized harvesting of ratooning rice, harvester track, narrowing harvester track, wide-narrow row planting

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