欢迎访问《中国农学通报》，
中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (32): 155-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1120

所属专题： 小麦； 水稻

• 三农研究 • 上一篇    

苏中地区稻茬小麦生产措施采用特征与效益调研分析

范婷(), 赵凯敏, 刘明敏, 杨迪迪, 丁锦峰, 朱敏, 李春燕(), 朱新开, 郭文善   

  1. 扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育点/粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-25 修回日期:2022-01-24 出版日期:2022-11-15 发布日期:2022-11-09
  • 通讯作者: 李春燕
  • 作者简介:范婷,女,1995年出生,江苏靖江人,硕士,研究方向为作物栽培学与耕作学。通信地址：214500 江苏靖江永兴街49号,E-mail： 514845644@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“江苏苏中稻茬麦产量与效率层次差异形成机制与丰产增效途径”(2016YFD0300107);江苏省重点研发计划项目“稻茬小麦机械匀播壮苗与优质绿色施肥关键技术集成”(BE2020319);扬州大学创新基金项目“不同苗龄小麦对春季低温的生理响应差异及减灾调控途径”(2019CXJ096);江苏高校优势学科建设工程

Characteristics of Production Measures and Benefits of Wheat After Rice in the Central Area of Jiangsu Province: Investigation and Analysis

FAN Ting(), ZHAO Kaimin, LIU Mingmin, YANG Didi, DING Jinfeng, ZHU Min, LI Chunyan(), ZHU Xinkai, GUO Wenshan   

  1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009
  • Received:2021-11-25 Revised:2022-01-24 Online:2022-11-15 Published:2022-11-09
  • Contact: LI Chunyan

RichHTML

1

PDF (PC)

32

摘要：

为进一步明确江苏苏中地区小麦生产情况,通过发放问卷调查表的形式,获取了代表苏中的兴化和高邮两市2016—2020年度小麦生产调研数据,明确了该区域从事小麦生产的农户以51~60岁中老年劳动者为主,农户受教育程度以初中为主,迫切需要农业新技术,但接受能力偏低。不同农户田间小麦播期、播种量和肥料施用量均有明显差异。在10月26日—11月5日播种,采用211~240 kg/hm2的播种量易获得高产。两地农户平均施氮水平分别为308 kg/hm2和281 kg/hm2,部分农户施氮量高于350 kg/hm2时,产量不增反减。在播期、播量和施氮量作用下,兴化和高邮市小麦平均产量分别为6129.64 kg/hm2和6788.25 kg/hm2,农户间高产水平与低产水平间的产量差值分别为2270.36 kg/hm2、1611.75 kg/hm2。不同种麦规模获得的经济效益不同,种植面积为6.67~20 hm2时大多数农户能获得较高收益,仅极少数农户出现亏损,面积超过33.33 hm2的农户亏损占比较高,有收益农户单位面积种麦效益偏低。综上所述,苏中地区农户种植小麦规模20 hm2左右,采用播期10月26日—11月15日、播种量200~240 kg/hm2、施氮量为250~300 kg/hm2的生产措施可以获得较高产量和收益。建议在苏中地区推广使用。

关键词: 小麦, 农户生产调研, 产量差异, 种麦效益, 苏中地区

Abstract:

In order to further clarify the wheat production situation in the central area of Jiangsu Province, the survey data about wheat production of rural households were obtained by questionnaires in Xinghua and Gaoyou from 2016 to 2020. The survey showed that the main workforce of farmers in wheat production were between the age of 51 and 60 with junior high school education level. This group urgently needed new agricultural technologies, but their acceptance ability was relatively low. There were significant differences in wheat sowing date, sowing rate and fertilizer application rate taken by different farmers. The farmers were more likely to obtain high yield when wheat was planted from October 26th to November 5th with the sowing rate of 211-240 kg/hm2. The average nitrogen application rate taken by farmers was 308 kg/hm2 and 281 kg/hm2 in Xinghua and Gaoyou, respectively. The wheat yield decreased when nitrogen application rate was higher than 350 kg/hm2. Under the combination of sowing date, sowing rate and nitrogen application rate, the average yield of wheat in Xinghua and Gaoyou was 6129.64 kg/hm2 and 6788.25 kg/hm2, respectively. The yield gap between high and low yield was 2270.36 kg/hm2 in Xinghua and 1611.75 kg/hm2 in Gaoyou, respectively. The economic benefits of different wheat planting scales were different. When the planting area was 6.67-20 hm2, most farmers could get relatively high benefits, only a few farmers had economic loss. When the planting scale was more than 33.33 hm2, the proportion of farmers with loss was relatively high, and farmer with benefits had low per unit area reward in wheat planting. In conclusion, farmers with 20 hm2 wheat planting scale can obtain higher yield and benefits when the sowing date is from October 26th to November 15th, the sowing rate is 200-240 kg/hm2 and nitrogen application rate is 250-300 kg/hm2,the scheme can be promoted in the central area of Jiangsu Province.

Key words: wheat, survey on rural household production, yield gap, wheat production benefit, the central area of Jiangsu Province

中图分类号: