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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (28): 156-164.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0981

• 三农研究 • 上一篇    

生计资本对民族地区农户生计活动的影响及其区域差异研究——以云南元江干热河谷新平县为例

潘钰涵1(), 赵文娟1,2(), 和克俭1, 黄晓霞1, 石雅秋1   

  1. 1云南大学地球科学学院,昆明 650091
    2云南省地理研究所,昆明 650091
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-15 修回日期:2022-02-15 出版日期:2022-10-05 发布日期:2022-09-28
  • 通讯作者: 赵文娟
  • 作者简介:潘钰涵,女,1997年出生,云南曲靖人,硕士研究生,研究方向为区域可持续发展。通信地址：650500 云南省昆明市呈贡区大学城东外环南路 云南大学呈贡校区地球科学学院,E-mail： yuhanpan@foxmail.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“多因素驱动下元江鱼类功能多样性的变化过程和保护研究”(32060304);全球环境基金(GEF)赠款项目“生物多样性保护中国水利行动”(5665);云南大学一流学科建设项目“地理学学科建设”(C176210215)

Impact of Livelihood Capital on the Livelihood Activities of Ethnic Minority Farmers and the Regional Differences: Case Study in Xinping County in Yuanjiang Dry-hot Valley

PAN Yuhan1(), ZHAO Wenjuan1,2(), HE Kejian1, HUANG Xiaoxia1, SHI Yaqiu1   

  1. 1School of Earth Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091
    2Yunnan Institute of Geography, Kunming 650091
  • Received:2021-10-15 Revised:2022-02-15 Online:2022-10-05 Published:2022-09-28
  • Contact: ZHAO Wenjuan

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摘要：

为明确区域要素变动与约束背景下生计资本与生计活动的差异,厘定影响农户生计活动的关键驱动,以元江干热河谷新平县为例,采用非度量多维尺度分析和方差分析等统计学方法,揭示河谷区与半山区农户生计资本、生计活动的区域差异,通过冗余分析和方差分解阐释生计资本对生计活动的影响机制。研究表明：（1）农户生计资本构成的差异主要由4项与土地流转相关的指标贡献,即人均旱地面积、人均水田面积、政府补贴、土地流转收入（单个差异贡献率>10%,累计贡献率=56.85%）。（2）两地农户在从事种植、就地务工和外出务工3种生计活动上有较大不同。河谷区农户以种植和外出务工为主,半山区农户以就地务工为主。（3）生计资本对生计活动构成的解释率为57.3%,对生计活动影响的重要程度排序为自然资本>人力资本>金融资本>物质资本>社会资本。当前农户生计活动的发展有赖于自然资本和人力资本,物质资本、金融资本和社会资本对农户生计活动的支撑与转换作用仍未突显。

关键词: 生态脆弱区, 可持续生计, 参与式农村评估, 冗余分析, 方差分解

Abstract:

The paper aims to reveal the difference between livelihood capital and livelihood activities in the context of regional element changes and constraints, determine the key drivers that affect farmers’ livelihood activities. Taking Xinping County in Yuanjiang dry-hot valley as a case, we used NMDS (non-metric multi-dimensional scale analysis) and One-way ANOVA (analysis of variance) to reveal the differences of livelihood capital and livelihood activity of the farmers living in the basin and the semi-mountainous region, and to interpret the influence mechanism of livelihood capital on livelihood activities through redundancy analysis and variation partitioning analysis. The results showed that: (1) the difference in the composition of farmers’ livelihood capital was mainly contributed by four indicators related to land transfer, namely per capita dry land area, per capita paddy land area, government subsidies, and land transfer income (the single difference contribution rate was more than 10%, and the cumulative contribution rate was 56.85%); (2) there were significant differences of the three livelihood activities, namely crop farming, working locally and working outside, between the farmers of the two types of living regions: basin farmers were mainly engaged in crop farming and working outside, semi-mountainous farmers mainly work locally; (3) the explanation rate of livelihood capital to the composition of livelihood activity was 57.3%, the importance degree of livelihood capital on livelihood activities was natural capital> human capital> financial capital> material capital> social capital. The current development of farmers’ livelihood activities depends on natural capital and human capital, while the support and transformation effect of material capital, financial capital and social capital on livelihood activity have not yet been emerged distinctly.

Key words: ecologically fragile areas, sustainable livelihood, participatory rural appraisal, redundancy analysis, variance partitioning analysis

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