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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2022, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (36): 17-22.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-1198

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

云南旱地小麦养分丰缺指标建立及施肥推荐

陈华1(), 张勤斌2, 桂玉莲3, 陈检锋1, 付利波1, 王志远1, 王伟1, 王应学1, 尹梅1()   

  1. 1云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
    2曲靖市麒麟区土壤肥料工作站，云南麒麟 650000
    3曲靖市麒麟区农业农村局，云南麒麟 650000
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-14 修回日期:2022-03-02 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2023-01-17
  • 作者简介:

    陈华，男，1979年出生，云南曲靖人，副研究员，本科，主要从事土壤肥料学方面的研究和推广工作。通信地址：650205 云南省昆明市北京路2238号，Tel：0871-65891333，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目“西南丘陵旱地粮油作物节水节肥节药综合技术集成与示范”(201503127); 国家科技支撑计划项目“主要粮食作物抗旱栽培关键技术研究与示范”(2012BAD40B01)

Nutrient Abundance-Deficiency Index of Upland Wheat and Recommended Fertilization Scheme in Yunnan

CHEN Hua1(), ZHANG Qinbin2, GUI Yulian3, CHEN Jianfeng1, FU Libo1, WANG Zhiyuan1, WANG Wei1, WANG Yingxue1, YIN Mei1()   

  1. 1Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
    2Qujin Qilin Soil and Fertilizer Workstation, Qilin, Yunnan 650000
    3Qujin Qilin Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Qilin, Yunnan 650000
  • Received:2021-12-14 Revised:2022-03-02 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2023-01-17

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摘要：

为建立云南省旱地小麦的氮磷钾养分丰缺指标，推荐小麦种植合理的施肥量，根据近10年来在云南省开展的旱地小麦肥料试验，分析土壤有效氮磷钾养分含量与小麦相对产量之间的相关性，以缺素区与当地最佳施肥区小麦相对产量>90%，75%~90%，60%~75%和<60%为标准，将对应的土壤速效养分分别划分为高、中等、低和极低等级，建立小麦养分丰缺指标，并推荐施肥量。结果显示，云南旱地小麦种植土壤的碱解N、有效P和速效K平均值分别为145.3、26.6和143.0 mg/kg，三者变异均较大。当小麦种植土壤碱解N高(>175 mg/kg)、中等(155~175 mg/kg)、低(125~155 mg/kg)和极低(<125 mg/kg)时推荐施N量分别为：25~45、45~115、115~185、185~210 kg/hm2；种植土壤有效P高(>30 mg/kg)、中等(15~30 mg/kg)和低(<15 mg/kg)时推荐施P2O5量为：15~30、30~75、75~110 kg/hm2；种植土壤速效K高(>145 mg/kg)、中等(85~145 mg/kg)和低(<85 mg/kg)时推荐施K2O量为：15~30、30~75 和75~110 kg/hm2。本研究结果可以作为云南省旱地小麦种植合理施肥量推广使用。

关键词: 旱地小麦, 产量, 养分, 丰缺指标

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to establish the abundance-deficiency indexes of NPK of upland wheat in Yunnan and recommend proper fertilizer amounts. According to experiment data of recent ten years, the correlation between the contents of soil available NPK and the yield of wheat was analysed. For nutrient deficiency area, based on the relative yield of wheat>90%, 75%-90%, 60%-75% and<60% in comparison to the yield of best fertilization wheat area, we classified corresponding soil fertility into 4 levels, namely high, medium, low and very low, established the abundance-deficiency indexes and recommended fertilizer amounts for wheat production. The results showed that the average amount of alkali-hydrolyzed N, available P and available K was 145.3, 26.6 and 143.0 mg/kg, respectively, in upland wheat field of Yunnan, and the variation of all the three nutrients was relatively large. When alkali-hydrolyzed N in soil was high (>175 mg/kg), medium (155-175 mg/kg), low (125-155 mg/kg) and very low (<125 mg/kg), the recommended nitrogen fertilizer rate (N) was 25-45, 45-115, 115-185 and 185-210 kg/hm2, respectively. When available P in soil was high (>30 mg/kg), medium (15-30 mg/kg) and low (<15 mg/kg), the recommended phosphorus fertilizer rate (P2O5) was 15-30, 30-75 and 75-110 kg/hm2, respectively. When available K in soil was high (>145 mg/kg), medium (85-145 mg/kg) and low (<85 mg/kg), the recommended potassium fertilizer rate (K2O) was 15-30, 30-75 and 75-110 kg/hm2, respectively. The results of this study can provide reference for proper fertilization on upland wheat in Yunnan Province.

Key words: upland wheat, yield, nutrient, abundance-deficiency index