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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 52-58.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0124

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

灌水量对金菠萝果实营养元素含量的影响

刘思汝(), 石伟琦(), 马海洋, 冼皑敏, 徐明岗   

  1. 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所/海南省热带作物营养重点实验室，广东湛江 524091
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-25 修回日期:2022-06-28 出版日期:2023-02-05 发布日期:2023-01-31
  • 通讯作者: 石伟琦，男，1974年出生，陕西商洛人，研究员，博士研究生，研究方向为植物营养。通信地址：524091 广东省湛江市麻章区湖秀路1号，Tel：0759-2859142，E-mail：weiqishi@126.com。
  • 作者简介:

    刘思汝，女，1989年出生，山东枣庄人，助理研究员，硕士研究生，研究方向为作物营养与品质。通信地址：524091 广东省湛江市麻章区湖秀路1号，Tel：0759-2859142，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省现代农业产业技术体系项目“耕地质量与地力提升”(2021KJ118); 中央级科研院所基本科研业务费专项“热带农业（南亚热带果园）生态系统野外观测创新研究”(1630062022004); 中央级基本科研业务费项目“热带果园土壤质量变动规律与监测分析”(1630062020018); 中央级基本科研业务费项目“热带土壤创新团队-热区土壤养分资源管理与平衡施肥”(1630062017019)

Effects of Irrigation Amounts on the Contents of Nutrient Elements in ‘MD-2’ Pineapple Fruit

LIU Siru(), SHI Weiqi(), MA Haiyang, XIAN Aimin, XU Minggang   

  1. Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Nutrition of Hainan Province/ South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524091
  • Received:2022-02-25 Revised:2022-06-28 Online:2023-02-05 Published:2023-01-31

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摘要：

探明金菠萝果实各营养元素对旱季不同灌水量的响应特征，为金菠萝旱季水分管理措施的科学制定提供数据支持和理论依据。本研究以金菠萝为研究对象，在监测旱季实际降雨量的基础上，设计4个增加灌水量梯度水平[20 mm(W1)、50 mm(W2)、100 mm(W3)、150 mm(W4)]的试验，并以不灌水为对照(0 mm)，分析旱季增加不同灌水量下金菠萝果实N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn 8种营养元素含量的变化规律。结果表明，灌水量的增加有利于金菠萝果实鲜重和干物质量的增长，W4处理鲜重(797.42 g)和干物质量(99.14 g)均最大。金菠萝果实营养元素含量的整体表现为K>N>Ca>P>Mg>Mn>Fe>Cu，其中K含量最高，N、Ca含量次之，Cu含量最低。果实K含量随灌水量的增加呈上升趋势，但果实Ca、Mg和Mn含量随灌水量的增加呈降低趋势，而W2水平下果实N、P、Fe、Cu含量达到最大值。灌水量的增加促进果实K的累积，但抑制果实中Mg的累积，而W2处理下果实N、P、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn累积量均达到最大值。综合考虑果实生长情况及营养元素含量和累积量变化特征，旱季灌水必不可少。在监测实际降雨量的基础上，适当调整灌溉(W2)，使其总供水量保持在300 mm左右有利于金菠萝果实干物质的积累，可显著提高金菠萝果实营养元素含量和累积量，保证金菠萝果实营养元素含量充足及其平衡供应，达到高产、高效、高品质的目的。

关键词: 灌水量, 营养元素, 金菠萝, 果实, 旱季, 含量

Abstract:

To investigate the response of various nutrient elements in ‘MD-2’ pineapple fruit to different irrigation amounts in the dry season, and to provide data and theoretical basis for the scientific formulation of its dry season water management measures, this study was conducted with the ‘MD-2’ pineapple grown under natural rainfall in field as the research object, and an experiment was designed with four irrigation amount gradients [20 mm (W1), 50 mm (W2), 100 mm (W3), 150 mm (W4)], and with no irrigation as the control (0 mm). We analyzed the N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu and Mn contents’ change in ‘MD-2’ pineapple fruit under different irrigation levels in the dry season. The results showed that: the increase of irrigation amount was beneficial to the increase of the fresh weight and dry matter weight of ‘MD-2’ pineapple fruit. Both the fresh weight (797.42 g) and dry matter weight (99.14 g) of W4 were the largest. The overall performance of the contents of all nutrient elements in ‘MD-2’ pineapple fruit was K> N> Ca> P> Mg> Mn> Fe> Cu, in which, K content was the highest, followed by that of N and Ca, and the Cu content was the lowest. The K content increased with the increase of irrigation amount in fruit, but the Ca, Mg and Mn contents decreased with the increase of irrigation amount, while the N, P, Fe and Cu contents under W2 were the largest. The increase of irrigation amount promoted the accumulation of K in fruit, but inhibited the accumulation of Mg in fruit, while the accumulation amounts of N, P, Fe, Cu, Ca and Mn in pineapple fruit reached the maximum value under W2. Taking into account the growth of fruit and the change characteristics of nutrient elements’ contents and accumulation amounts, irrigation in the dry season is essential. According to the actual rainfall, proper adjustment of irrigation (W2) to keep the total water supply at about 300 mm is beneficial to the accumulation amounts of dry matter in ‘MD-2’ pineapple fruit, and can significantly increase the contents of nutrient elements in ‘MD-2’ pineapple fruit. It ensures sufficient and balanced supply of nutrient elements in pineapple fruit to achieve the purpose of high yield, high efficiency and high quality.

Key words: irrigation amount, nutrient elements, ‘MD-2’ pineapple, fruit, dry season, content