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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (21): 118-125.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0707

• 植物保护·农药 • 上一篇    下一篇

2010—2020年鲁西南小麦主要病虫害发生演变及防控情况分析

郭立(), 赵艳丽, 王祥会, 惠祥海, 许玲, 李建达   

  1. 邹城市农业技术推广中心，山东济宁 273500
  • 收稿日期:2022-08-22 修回日期:2022-12-13 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-07-24
  • 作者简介:

    郭立，男，1978年出生，山东邹城人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事农业技术推广应用工作。通信地址：273500 山东省邹城市农业农村局聚贤大厦欧兰路777号，Tel：0537-5233026，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山东省小麦产业技术体系项目“小麦茎基腐病的绿色防控技术研究开发”(SDAIT-01-10)

The Occurrence, Evolution and Control of Wheat Diseases and Insect Pests in Southwest Shandong from 2010 to 2020

GUO Li(), ZHAO Yanli, WANG Xianghui, HUI Xianghai, XU Ling, LI Jianda   

  1. Zoucheng Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jining, Shandong 273500
  • Received:2022-08-22 Revised:2022-12-13 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-07-24

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摘要：

通过全面系统分析邹城市小麦近11年主要病虫害的发生演变，为鲁西南地区小麦主要病虫准确监测和综合防治提供科学依据，以2010—2020年邹城市《植保专业统计报表》为主要依据，重点分析了邹城市小麦病虫害发生演变、发生面积、实际损失、挽回损失及防控情况。结果显示，鲁西南地区小麦病虫害发生演变呈现小麦条锈病流行重发频率上升，茎基腐病逐渐上升为主要病害，蚜虫为当地主要害虫，维持在高位发生状态，纹枯病、白粉病、根腐病、麦蜘蛛、地下害虫等常发性病虫害不同年份间展现出一定波动，其发生相对平稳，全蚀病、麦叶蜂等病虫害发生呈下降趋势。2010—2020年邹城市小麦病虫害发生面积5.51万~12.92万hm2，2018年后小麦病虫害发生面积呈上升趋势。小麦病虫害造成实际产量损失总体上呈下降趋势，年均实际产量损失为4098.61 t，虫害、病害年均造成实际产量损失占病虫害造成总损失的比例为62.94%、37.06%。通过有效防治，邹城市小麦病虫害不同年份间的产量挽回损失率维持在较高水平，且相对稳定。专业化统防统治在小麦病虫害防治中发挥了重要作用，大力推进农作物病虫害专业化统防统治势在必行。

关键词: 小麦, 病虫害, 发生演变, 损失, 植保统计

Abstract:

By analyzing the occurrence and evolution of major diseases and insect pests of wheat systematically in Zoucheng City from 2010 to 2020, the study aims to provide a scientific basis for the accurate monitoring and integrated control of wheat disease and insect pests in southwest of Shandong Province. The study analyzed the occurrence and evolution, occurrence area, actual loss, retrieved loss and control of wheat diseases and insect pests based on The Plant Protection Professional Statistical Reports of Zoucheng City from 2010 to 2020. The results showed that the occurrence frequency of wheat stripe rust increased and the epidemic risk was enlarged, and the wheat crown rot increased to a main disease; aphids were the main local pests and maintained a high occurrence state; the occurrence of common wheat diseases and insect pests such as sharp eyespot, powdery mildew, root rot, mites and underground pests showed certain fluctuations and were relatively stable; and the occurrence of take-all diseases and wheat sawfly tended to decline. The occurrence area of wheat diseases and insect pests in Zoucheng City ranged from 55510 hm2 to 129200 hm2 during 2010-2020 and showed an upward trend after 2018. The actual yield loss caused by wheat diseases and insect pests generally had a downward trend and the average annual loss of wheat yield was 4098.61 t. The actual annual yield loss caused by insect pests and diseases accounted for 62.94% and 37.06% of the total loss respectively. Through effective prevention and control, the reduction rates of yield loss caused by wheat diseases and insect pests of different years were at a high level and relatively stable. The specialized and systematic prevention and control can play an important role in the control of wheat diseases and insect pests, and should be promoted vigorously.

Key words: wheat, diseases and insect pests, occurrence and evolution, loss, plant protection statistics