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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (15): 14-21.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0505

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

限水下水氮运筹对小麦产量及水氮利用率的影响

温国昌1(), 李保军1,2(), 杨璞1, 刘庆芳1,2, 贺维昭1, 贾建彬1   

  1. 1 邯郸市农业科学院，河北邯郸 056001
    2 河北省作物杂种优势研究与利用重点实验室，河北邯郸 056001
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-27 修回日期:2022-10-27 出版日期:2023-05-25 发布日期:2023-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 李保军，男，1972年出生，河北魏县人，研究员，本科，主要从事土壤肥料与作物栽培研究。通信地址：056001 河北省邯郸市邯山区农研路1号 邯郸市农业科学院，Tel：13932068837，E-mail：leebaojun@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    温国昌，男，1989年出生，河北武安人，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事土壤肥料与作物栽培研究。通信地址：056001 河北省邯郸市邯山区农研路1号 邯郸市农业科学院，Tel：18732065029，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    邯郸市科学技术研究与发展计划项目“利用分子标记辅助选择技术进行抗旱耐热冬小麦种质资源创新及新品种选育”(21112012001); “邯郸市中低产粮田土壤肥力演变及关键培肥技术研究”(21422012093)

Water and Nitrogen Management Under Water-limited Wheat Cultivation: Effects on Yield, Water Use Efficiency and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

WEN Guochang1(), LI Baojun1,2(), YANG Pu1, LIU Qingfang1,2, HE Weizhao1, JIA Jianbin1   

  1. 1 Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, Hebei 056001
    2 The Key Laboratoryof Crop Hybrid Advantage Research and Utilization of Hebei Province, Handan, Hebei 056001
  • Received:2022-06-27 Revised:2022-10-27 Online:2023-05-25 Published:2023-05-22

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摘要：

为了探究限水下冀南地区中低产田水氮运筹对小麦产量及水氮利用率的影响。以‘邯6172’为试验材料，研究了起身期灌水(W1)、拔节期灌水(W2)2种灌水时期和不施氮肥(N0)、氮肥基追比3:7(N1)、氮肥基追比5:5(N2)、氮肥基追比7:3(N3)4种氮肥施用方式对小麦产量及水氮利用率的影响。灌水时期对小麦产量和水氮利用率影响显著，W1处理的小麦产量、灌水生产力、氮肥偏生产力较W2处理的提高3.5%~18.7%、2.1%~7.0%、2.8%~7.5%，且在氮肥基施比例较低时提高显著。氮肥基追比对小麦产量和水氮利用率影响显著，N3处理的小麦产量、籽粒、秸秆和植株氮素吸收量、氮肥表观利用率、氮肥偏生产力较N1处理的显著提高5.7%~9.7%、5.0%~8.4%、6.7%~6.8%、5.5%~24.5%、6.8%~24.8%、5.7%~9.7%，而较N2处理的提高但不显著。本试验条件下，W1N3处理的灌水生产力最高，达4.8 kg/m3，小麦产量最高，达7242.0 kg/hm2。综上，在节水稳产的前提下，W1N3（起身期灌水、氮肥基追比7:3）可作为冀南中低产田小麦限水栽培的水氮管理参考措施。

关键词: 小麦, 起身期灌水, 拔节期灌水, 氮肥基追比, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of water and nitrogen management on wheat yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency in medium and low-yield fields in southern Hebei under water limitation, the wheat variety ‘Han 6172’ was used as experimental material, and the effects of the irrigation periods in spring (W1: irrigation at the standing stage, W2: irrigation at the jointing stage) and the base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer (N0 0:0, N1 3:7, N2 5:5, N3 7:3) on wheat yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were studied. The results showed that the irrigation period had significant impact on wheat yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with those of treatment W2, the wheat yield, irrigation productivity and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity of treatment W1 were increased by 3.5%-18.7%, 2.1%-7.0%, and 2.8%-7.5%, respectively, and significant increase was observed when the proportion of basal application of nitrogen fertilizer was low. The base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer had significant impact on wheat yield, water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency. Compared with those of treatment N1, the wheat yield, grain nitrogen uptake, straw nitrogen uptake, plant nitrogen uptake, nitrogen apparent use efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of treatment N3 were significantly increased by 5.7%-9.7%, 5.0%-8.4%, 6.7%-6.8%, 5.5%-24.5%, 6.8%-24.8%, and 5.7%-9.7%, respectively. The wheat yield, grain nitrogen uptake, straw nitrogen uptake, plant nitrogen uptake, nitrogen apparent utilization efficiency and nitrogen partial productivity of treatment N3 were higher than those of treatment N2, but the differences were not significant. Under this test conditions, the irrigation productivity of treatment W1N3 was the highest, reaching 4.8 kg/m3, and the wheat yield was the highest, reaching 7242.0 kg/hm2. To sum up, under the premise of water-saving and stable yield, W1N3 (irrigation at standing stage, the base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer as 7:3) can be used as the practice reference for water and nitrogen management under water-limited wheat cultivation in medium and low-yield fields in southern Hebei.

Key words: wheat, irrigation at the standing stage, irrigation at the jointing stage, the base-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer, yield