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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (6): 91-100.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0236

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

生物炭对咸水滴灌棉田土壤细菌群落的调控效应

叶扬(), 向贵琴, 郭晓雯, 闵伟, 郭慧娟()   

  1. 石河子大学农学院，新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-17 修回日期:2023-08-18 出版日期:2024-02-22 发布日期:2024-02-22
  • 通讯作者:
    郭慧娟，女，1989年出生，河南周口人，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向：土壤肥力与调控研究。通信地址：832003 新疆石河子 石河子大学农学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    叶扬，女，1998年出生，甘肃武威人，硕士研究生在读，研究方向：土壤肥力与养分循环。通信地址：832003 新疆石河子 石河子大学农学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“生物炭对咸水滴灌棉田土壤硝化反硝化作用的影响与机制”(32160742); 兵团指导性项目“生物炭对咸水滴灌棉田土壤的改良效应研究”(2022DZ011); 石河子大学大学生研究训练计划项目“咸水滴灌棉田土壤反硝化作用关键微生物群落结构多样性的影响”(SRP2023015)

Regulation Effect of Biochar on Bacterial Community in Cotton Field Soil under Saline Water Drip Irrigation

YE Yang(), XIANG Guiqin, GUO Xiaowen, MIN Wei, GUO Huijuan()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecological Agriculture of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003
  • Received:2023-03-17 Revised:2023-08-18 Published-:2024-02-22 Online:2024-02-22

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摘要：

为探究长期咸水灌溉条件下生物炭的施用对于棉田土壤理化性质及细菌群落的调控效应，采用田间定位试验，在长期咸水(8.04 dS/m)灌溉的基础上，共设3个处理：不施氮肥(N0)、氮肥处理(N360)、生物炭配施氮肥处理(BC)。采用高通量测序技术测定土壤细菌群落组成。结果表明：与N0处理相比，N360处理显著提高土壤电导率和全氮，但是显著降低土壤pH和速效磷含量；BC处理显著增加土壤含水量、电导率、全碳、全氮和速效钾的含量。N360和BC较N0处理均降低细菌群落Shannon和Simpson指数，N360处理增加Chao 1和ACE指数。土壤优势细菌门主要是变形菌门、酸杆菌门和放线菌门；土壤优势菌属主要是亚硝化螺旋菌属、RB41和鞘脂单胞菌属。N360处理增加变形菌门、酸杆菌门和厚壁菌门的相对丰度，但是降低放线菌门、芽单胞菌门和热原体菌门相对丰度；BC处理增加放线菌门、硝基螺门和绿弯菌门相对丰度，降低酸杆菌门、拟杆菌门和疣微菌门相对丰度。LEfSe分析表明，N360和BC处理均会降低土壤细菌潜在的生物标志物数量。RDA结果显示，土壤细菌群落结构与土壤全氮和速效钾含量显著相关。氮肥及生物炭配施氮肥可以调控土壤理化性质，从而调控土壤细菌群落结构，细菌群落可以形成优势物种来适应盐环境。

关键词: 咸水灌溉, 生物炭, 氮肥, 棉田土壤, 细菌群落

Abstract:

To explore the regulation effects of biochar application on soil physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in cotton field soil under long-term saline water irrigation, based on long-term saline water (8.04 dS/m) irrigation, three treatments were set up for field positioning experiments: no nitrogen fertilizer application (N0), nitrogen fertilizer treatment (N360) and biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer treatment (BC). Determination of soil bacterial community composition was conducted by high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that compared with N0 treatment, N360 treatment significantly increased soil electrical conductivity and total nitrogen, but significantly decreased soil pH and available phosphorus content; BC treatment significantly increased soil water content, electrical conductivity, total carbon, total nitrogen and available potassium content. Compared with N0 treatment, N360 and BC decreased the Shannon and Simpson indices of bacterial communities, while N360 treatment increased the Chao 1 and ACE indices. The dominant bacteria at phylum level were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota and Actinobacteriota; the dominant bacteria at genus level were Nitrosospira, RB41 and Sphingomonas. N360 treatment increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota and Firmicutes, but decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Gemmatimonadota and Thermoplasmatota; BC treatment increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota, Nitrospirota and Chloroflexi, while decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Bacteroidota and Verrucomicrobiota. LEfSe analysis showed that both N360 and BC treatments reduced the number of potential biomarkers of bacteria. The RDA results showed a significant correlation between soil bacterial community structure and soil total nitrogen and available potassium content. Nitrogen fertilizer and Biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizer can regulate soil physicochemical properties, thus regulating soil bacterial community structure, which can form dominant species to adapt to salt environment.

Key words: saline water irrigation, biochar, nitrogen fertilizer, cotton field soil, bacterial community