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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 103-108.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0269

所属专题： 园艺

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

艳山姜茎叶渣覆盖对冬种莴苣田杂草、土壤及生长的影响

胡连清1,2(), 刘雯雯1,2, 陈雨薇3, 冯瑞章1,2, 周万海1,2(), 魏琴1,2, 陈露1, 赵鑫1,2, 赵善梅1,2   

  1. 1 宜宾学院农林与食品工程学部，四川宜宾 644000
    2 香料植物资源开发与利用四川省高校重点实验室，四川宜宾 644000
    3 简阳市农业技术推广中心，四川简阳 641400
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-11 修回日期:2024-01-10 出版日期:2024-04-05 发布日期:2024-04-01
  • 通讯作者:
    周万海，男，1979年出生，甘肃武威人，副教授，博士，研究方向：农业资源开发及利用。通信地址：644000 四川省宜宾市翠屏区大学路三段5号 宜宾学院临港校区，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    胡连清，女，1994年出生，四川宜宾人，硕士，研究方向：农业资源开发与利用。通信地址：644000 四川省宜宾市翠屏区大学路三段5号 宜宾学院临港校区，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    宜宾市科技局高端团队项目“油樟虫害绿色防控技术应用及油樟精深加工技术产业化示范”(2021YGC03); 四川省油樟工程技术研究中心开放基金项目“白僵菌/绿僵菌筛选鉴定及在防治油樟主要害虫的应用”(2021YZY06); 四川省油樟工程技术研究中心开放基金项目“油樟精油对柑橘全爪螨的生物活性和作用机制”(2021YZ02)

Effects of Alpinia zerumbet Stem and Leaf Residue Mulching on Weeds, Soil and Growth in Winter Lettuce Fields

HU Lianqing1,2(), LIU Wenwen1,2, CHEN Yuwei3, FENG Ruizhang1,2, ZHOU Wanhai1,2(), WEI Qin1,2, CHEN Lu1, ZHAO Xin1,2, ZHAO Shanmei1,2   

  1. 1 Experimental Teaching Center of Agriculture, Forestry and Food engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan 644000
    2 Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Colleges, Yibin, Sichuan 644000
    3 Jianyang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Jianyang, Sichuan 641400
  • Received:2023-04-11 Revised:2024-01-10 Published:2024-04-05 Online:2024-04-01

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摘要：

为筛选适合应用于杂草控制及莴苣生长最适叶渣覆盖量，以富含化感物质的艳山姜修剪茎叶为材料，根据覆盖栽培理论和化感作用控草原理，通过在莴苣田行间覆盖不同量艳山姜茎叶渣，评价田间杂草、莴苣生长及土壤理化性质变化。结果显示，随着艳山姜茎叶渣覆盖量的增加，其对莴苣田杂草的抑制效果增强。其中，与对照组相比，用1200 g/m2艳山姜茎叶渣覆盖处理后，莴苣田间杂草的种类、数量和多样性降低，杂草生物量（鲜重、干重）分别降低了87.93%、90.54%。同时，莴苣叶片叶绿素含量和单株平均鲜重最高，品质最优。此外，土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮和速效磷含量增高。当覆盖量大于1600 g/m2时，土壤理化性状呈现不同变化趋势，莴苣生长受到抑制，但品质总体有提升。总体而言，在四川宜宾地区冬春莴苣生产中，使用1200 g/m2的艳山姜茎叶渣覆盖处理能够最有效地抑制田间杂草生长、改善土壤环境并促进莴苣生长发育。

关键词: 艳山姜, 覆盖栽培, 化感作用, 杂草抑制, 莴苣

Abstract:

The paper aims to select the most suitable amount of the mulch of the stem and leaf residue from Alpinia zerumbet for weed control and lettuce growth. The stems and leaves of A. zerumbet rich in allelopathic substances were selected as materials. In this research, the growth of weeds, lettuce, and changes in soil physicochemical properties were evaluated by covering different amounts of mulch of the stem and leaf residue from A. zerumbet between rows in lettuce fields according to the theory of covering cultivation and the principle of allelopathic grass control. The results showed that with the increase of the stem and leaf residue mulching amount from A. zerumbet, the inhibition on weeds in lettuce fields was enhanced. Among them, compared with the control group, the species, quantity, and diversity of weeds in the lettuce field decreased, and the weed biomass (fresh weight and dry weight) decreased by 87.93% and 90.54%, respectively after mulching with 1200 g/m2 of the stem and leaf residue from A. zerumbet. Meanwhile, lettuce had the highest chlorophyll content and average fresh weight per plant, with the best quality. In addition, the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, and available phosphorus increased. When the coverage was greater than 1600 g/m2, the soil physical and chemical properties showed different changing trends, and the growth of lettuce was inhibited, but the overall quality was improved. Overall, in the production of winter and spring lettuce in Yibin area of Sichuan Province, the use of 1200 g/m2 of the mulch of the stem and leaf residue from A. zerumbet can effectively inhibit the growth of weeds in the field, improve the soil environment, and promote the growth and development of lettuce.

Key words: Alpinia zerumbet, mulching cultivation, allelopathy, weed control, lettuce