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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2021, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 13-18.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2020-0333

所属专题： 水稻； 马铃薯

• 农学·农业基础科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

地膜与稻秸覆盖对冬作马铃薯产量和品质的影响及其抑草效应

许国春(), 罗文彬, 李华伟, 许泳清, 纪荣昌, 汤浩()   

  1. 福建省农业科学院作物研究所/农业部南方薯类科学观测实验站/福建省特色旱作物品种选育工程技术研究中心,福州 350013
  • 收稿日期:2020-08-06 修回日期:2020-11-13 出版日期:2021-02-05 发布日期:2021-01-25
  • 通讯作者: 汤浩
  • 作者简介:许国春,男,1991年出生,福建龙岩人,研究实习员,硕士,研究方向：薯类作物生理生态。通信地址：350013 福建省福州市晋安区新店镇埔垱103号 福建省农业科学院作物研究所,E-mail： xuguochun@faas.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项“彩色马铃薯新品种选育”(2018R1026-4);福建省种业创新与产业化工程“优质专用型甘薯、马铃薯育种攻关与产业化工程”(fjzycxny2017005);福建省农业科学院对外合作项目“马铃薯耐寒资源引进与利用及闽薯2号耐寒机制研究”(DEC201821211)

Plastic Film and Rice Straw Mulching: Effects on Yield and Quality of Winter Potato and Control Efficiency of Weed

Xu Guochun(), Luo Wenbin, Li Huawei, Xu Yongqing, Ji Rongchang, Tang Hao()   

  1. Crop Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Tuber and Root Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, P. R. China/ Fujian Engineering Research Center for Characteristic Dry Crop Variety Breeding, Fuzhou 350013
  • Received:2020-08-06 Revised:2020-11-13 Online:2021-02-05 Published:2021-01-25
  • Contact: Tang Hao

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摘要：

阐明地膜和稻秸覆盖对冬作马铃薯产量、品质和杂草发生的影响,为冬作马铃薯高效栽培提供参考。在大田条件下,以‘费乌瑞它’和‘闽薯1号’为试材,设置4种覆盖栽培方式,分析各处理产量、营养品质及杂草防效的差异。结果表明,与露地栽培相比,地膜和稻秸覆盖处理商品薯产量分别提高3.2%~15.8%和13.7%~30.9%,总产量分别提高3.2%~18.1%和14.8%~21.9%。黑膜覆盖处理下的块茎淀粉含量最高,较对照显著提高15.9%~19.3%;黑膜和稻秸覆盖有助于提高块茎维生素C含量,相比对照增幅分别为10.1%~39.6%和26.7%~36.1%。覆盖栽培明显抑制马铃薯田间杂草发生,黑膜、白膜和稻秸覆盖处理杂草鲜重较对照分别下降66.4%~77.6%、32.4%~34.5%和25.9%~37.4%,其中黑膜覆盖的杂草鲜重防效最明显。综上,地膜和稻秸覆盖有助于提高马铃薯产量,采用黑膜覆盖还有利于改善块茎品质,而且具有明显的抑草效果。

关键词: 马铃薯, 地膜, 稻秸, 产量, 品质, 杂草抑制

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of plastic film and straw mulching on the yield and quality of winter potato and weed control, and provide reference for high efficiency cultivation of winter potato, ‘Favorita’ and ‘Minshu 1’ were selected as materials, four different mulching treatments were conducted in field condition, and the difference of yield and nutritional quality of winter potato, and the control efficiency of weed were analyzed. The results showed that, compared with the open field cultivation (CK), the yield of commercial potato under plastic film mulching and rice straw mulching were increased by 3.2%-15.8% and 13.7%-30.9% respectively, and the total yield were increased by 3.2%-18.1% and 14.8%-21.9%, respectively. Compared with CK, the contents of starch under black film mulching were significantly increased by 15.9%-19.3%. Black film and rice straw mulching were benefit to improve the content of vitamin C, which was increased by 10.1%-39.6% and 26.7%-36.1%, respectively. The weeds were obviously inhibited by mulching, and the fresh weight of weed under black film, white film and rice straw mulching were decreased by 66.4%-77.6%, 32.4%-34.5% and 25.9%-37.4%, respectively, compared with the CK, and the black film mulching had the best control effect. In conclusion, plastic film mulching and rice straw mulching are helpful to improve the potato yield, and the black film mulching is also beneficial to improve tuber quality and has obvious control effect on weed.

Key words: potato, plastic film, rice straw, yield, quality, weed control

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