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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (12): 150-158.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0474

所属专题： 水产渔业

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

夏季晴天鱼塘水温垂直变化规律及原因分析

王保1(), 洪涛1(), 刘可群2, 汤阳2, 叶佩3, 姜润1   

  1. 1 鄂州市气象局，湖北鄂州 436000
    2 武汉区域气候中心，武汉 430000
    3 荆州农事站，湖北荆州 434000
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-29 修回日期:2023-09-20 出版日期:2024-04-25 发布日期:2024-04-22
  • 通讯作者:
    洪涛，男，1968年出生，高工，本科，主要研究方向：气象服务技术。E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王保，女，1989年出生，湖北浠水人，工程师，本科，研究方向：农业气象服务。通信地址：436000 湖北省鄂州市鄂城区寿昌大道22号鄂州市气象局，Tel：027-53083017，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    鄂州市科技计划项目“武昌鱼健康养殖气象保障新技术研究”(EZ01-002-20210154); 湖北省气象局科技基金项目“湖北省主要水产品气象灾害预警预报关键技术研究”(2022Z03); 武汉城市圈气象联合科技基金项目“武昌鱼生态养殖气象保障服务技术研究”(WHCSQY202308)

Vertical Variation Pattern and Cause Analysis of Water Temperature in Fish Ponds on Sunny Days in Summer

WANG Bao1(), HONG Tao1(), LIU Kequn2, TANG Yang2, YE Pei3, JIANG Run1   

  1. 1 Ezhou Meteorological Bureau, Ezhou, Hubei 436000
    2 Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan 430000
    3 Jingzhou Agricultural Station, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000
  • Received:2023-06-29 Revised:2023-09-20 Published:2024-04-25 Online:2024-04-22

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摘要：

为揭示气象要素对水温垂直梯度的影响，利用洪湖国家气象站2022年夏季逐日、逐小时气象观测数据和洪湖水产基地不同深度逐分钟水温观测数据，采用数理统计和相关分析等方法，对夏季晴天池塘养殖水温垂直变化规律进行分析。结果表明：（1）夏季晴天时各层水温单峰型日变化特征明显，最小值出现在日出前，表层水温最高值出现在16:00左右，水层越深，最高值和最低值出现时间越晚，上下层的水温变化具有一定的滞后性。（2）光照对水温有显著影响，两者呈显著正相关关系，60 cm深度处相关系数达到最大；不同层次平均光照度与水温垂直梯度呈负相关，而不同层次光照梯度与水温垂直梯度呈显著正相关。（3）水温垂直梯度与风速呈显著负相关，风速越大水温垂直梯度越小，风速3~4级，水温垂直梯度小，可适时暂缓或少开增氧机。（4）水温垂直梯度与水汽压呈显著正相关，水汽压越大，水温垂直梯度越大，闷热天气要加强巡塘，及时开启增氧机。揭示了气象要素对水温垂直梯度的影响机理，为水产健康养殖提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 夏季, 晴天, 水温垂直梯度, 光照, 风, 水汽压

Abstract:

To reveal the impact of meteorological factors on the vertical gradient of water temperature, daily and hourly meteorological observation data from the Honghu National Meteorological Station in the summer of 2022 was used, as well as minute by minute water temperature observation data from different depths at the Honghu Aquatic Base, mathematical statistics and correlation analysis were used to analyze the vertical variation of water temperature in pond aquaculture on sunny days in summer. The results showed that: (1) on clear days in summer, the single peak daily variation characteristics of water temperature in each layer were obvious, with the minimum value appearing before sunrise, the highest value of surface water temperature appearing around 16:00. The deeper the water layer, the later the highest and lowest values appear. The changes in water temperature in the upper and lower layers had a certain lag. (2) Light had a significant impact on water temperature, and there was a significant positive correlation between the two factors. The correlation coefficient reached its maximum at a depth of 60 cm; the average illumination at different levels was negatively correlated with the vertical gradient of water temperature, while the illumination gradient at different levels was significantly positively correlated with the vertical gradient of water temperature. (3) There was a significant negative correlation between the vertical gradient of water temperature and wind speed. The higher the wind speed, the smaller the vertical gradient of water temperature. When the wind speed ranges from 3 to 4, and the vertical gradient of water temperature was small, it was advisable to temporarily postpone or reduce the use of oxygen generators in a timely manner. (4) There was a significant positive correlation between the vertical gradient of water temperature and water vapor pressure. The higher the water vapor pressure, the greater the vertical gradient of water temperature. In hot and humid weather, it was necessary to strengthen the patrol of the pond and timely start the aerator. The paper revealed the mechanism of the influence of meteorological factors on the vertical gradient of water temperature, and provided technical support for healthy aquaculture.

Key words: summer, sunny days, vertical gradient of water temperature, illuminance, wind, vapor pressure