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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (21): 84-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0724

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

矿物钾肥在中国典型植烟土壤中钾素转化特性及对烟叶提钾效果的初步评估

李冬雪1,2(), 刘新源3, 宋正熊4, 李豪豪4, 赵世民4, 王一柳1,2, 郇威威1,2, 王火焰1,2, 卢殿君1,2, 陈小琴1, 王玉洁4()   

  1. 1 中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与可持续农业国家重点实验室，南京 210008
    2 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
    3 河南省烟草公司三门峡分公司，河南三门峡 472000
    4 河南省烟草公司洛阳分公司，河南洛阳 471023
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-11 修回日期:2024-03-07 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-07-11
  • 通讯作者:
    王玉洁，女，1986年出生，河南洛阳人，农艺师，硕士，研究方向：烟叶生产技术研究与推广工作。通信地址：471000 河南省洛阳市洛龙区开元大道246号，Tel：0379-65156136，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李冬雪，女，1995年出生，黑龙江肇东人，博士研究生，研究方向：土壤养分迁移转化及高效施肥。通信地址：210008 江苏省南京市玄武区玄武湖街道北京东路71号，Tel：025-86881260，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中国烟草总公司河南省公司科技项目“豫西烟叶增钾提质根区一次性施肥关键技术研究与机械化应用”(2021410000240017)

Potassium Conversion Characteristics of Mineral Potassium Fertilizer in Chinese Typical Tobacco-planting Soil and Preliminary Evaluation of Increasing Potassium Content in Tobacco Leaves

LI Dongxue1,2(), LIU Xinyuan3, SONG Zhengxiong4, LI Haohao4, ZHAO Shimin4, WANG Yiliu1,2, HUAN Weiwei1,2, WANG Huoyan1,2, LU Dianjun1,2, CHEN Xiaoqin1, WANG Yujie4()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
    3 Sanmenxia Branch of Henan Province Tobacco Company, Sanmenxia, Henan 472000
    4 Luoyang Branch of Henan Province Tobacco Company, Luoyang, Henan 471023
  • Received:2023-10-11 Revised:2024-03-07 Published:2024-07-25 Online:2024-07-11

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摘要：

本研究旨在探究不同形态钾肥对提高烟田土壤质量和生产力的影响。通过室内培养试验和田间试验，评估了施用不同钾肥后土壤中钾素的生物有效性。在室内培养试验中，分析了3种钾肥处理后土壤中非交换性钾(NEK)、交换性钾(EK)和水溶性钾(WSK)的含量变化。结果显示，这三种钾素形态分别占17.7%~83.9%、11.1%~56.0%和2.3%~36.3%。在不同地区（西南、黄淮和东北）的实验中，施用硅基钾肥显著提高了EK和NEK含量，提升幅度分别为26.3%和18.1%、30.8%和24.5%、36.3%和42.7%。利用灰色关联分析发现，土壤全钾含量、质地和矿物组成是影响NaBPh4提钾量的主要影响因子。在田间试验中，与不施钾处理相比，部分用硅基钾肥替代硫酸钾能显著提高烟草产量(增加8.7%)和钾含量(增加66.6%)，同时降低烟田土壤速效钾残留量。综上所述，硅基钾肥可有效维持甚至提升土壤钾素供应能力，其部分替代传统钾肥可显著提升烟草产质量。针对硅基钾肥替代传统钾肥的最佳比例，值得进一步研究探讨。

关键词: 土壤钾素, 交换性钾, 非交换性钾, 硅基钾肥, 四苯硼钠, 生物有效性, 烟草产量, 土壤质量, 烟草

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the impact of different forms of potassium fertilizers on enhancing the soil quality and productivity of tobacco fields. Through a combination of indoor incubation experiments and field trials, the bioavailability of soil potassium after the application of various potassium fertilizers was assessed. The indoor incubation experiments analyzed the changes in the content of non-exchangeable potassium (NEK), exchangeable potassium (EK), and water-soluble potassium (WSK) in the soil after treatment with three types of potassium fertilizers. The results showed that these three forms of potassium constituted 17.7% to 83.9%, 11.1% to 56.0%, and 2.3% to 36.3% respectively. Applying Silicon-based potassium fertilizer (Si-K) raised the content of EK and NEK in the southwest, Huang-huai and northeast by 26.3% and 18.1%, 30.8% and 24.5%, and 36.3% and 42.7%, respectively. Grey correlation analysis revealed that the total K, texture, and mineral composition of soil were the primary variables influencing the amount of K extracted by NaBPh4. Field experiment indicated that, compared with 0K, the partial substitution of K2SO4 by Si-K could increase tobacco leaf yield (8.7%), and K content (66.6%) while lowering residual K in the soil. In conclusion, Si-K could aid soil K maintenance. Partial substitution of K2SO4 by Si-K could increase tobacco quality and quantity. Partial substitution with Si-K merits further study.

Key words: soil potassium, EK, NEK, silicon-based potassium fertilizer, NaBPh4, bioavailability, tobacco yield, soil quality, tobacco