根际微生态环境中氮源转化及循环研究进展

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0716

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (21): 91-98.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0716

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇下一篇

根际微生态环境中氮源转化及循环研究进展

宋可欣¹^,²(), 王丽霞², 刘永霞², 黄思豪², 姜成君², 何应对²()

¹ 华中农业大学资源与环境学院，武汉 430070
² 中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所，海口 571101

收稿日期:2023-10-08 修回日期:2024-02-20 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-07-11
通讯作者:
何应对，男，1981年出生，海南儋州人，副研究员，博士，主要从事热带作物养分代谢分子机制。通信地址：571101 海南省海口市龙华区学院路4号，Tel：0898-66774403，E-mail：heyingdui@itbb.org.cn。
作者简介:
宋可欣，女，2000年出生，山东泰安人，硕士研究生，主要从事农业资源利用与保护研究。通信地址：430070湖北省武汉市华中农业大学资源与环境学院，E-mail：1375163458@qq.com。
基金资助:
海南省重点研发项目“海南特色蕉自育新品种提质增效关键技术的研发与示范”(ZDYF2022XDNY270); 国家香蕉产业技术体系“三亚综合试验站”(CARS-31-25); “中国热科院基本科研业务费专项”(1630092022001)

Progress in Research on Nitrogen Source Transformation and Cycle with in the Rhizosphere Micro-ecological Environment

SONG Kexin¹^,²(), WANG Lixia², LIU Yongxia², HUANG Sihao², JIANG Chengjun², HE Yingdui²()

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
² Institute of Tropical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101

Received:2023-10-08 Revised:2024-02-20 Published:2024-07-25 Online:2024-07-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氮是植物生长所需的三大主要营养元素之一，而硝态氮和铵态氮是植物吸收的2种主要氮素形态。硝态氮与铵态氮在植物生长过程中发挥着不同的作用。植物主要通过根系吸收硝态氮来满足生长过程中氮的需求，并转化为氨基酸、蛋白质等生物活性物质的合成原料，同时硝态氮参与叶绿素的合成，促进光合作用的进行；铵态氮也可被植物根系吸收，并用于植物体内蛋白质和氨基酸的合成，而且铵态氮的吸收速度较快，能够满足植物对氮素的迅速需求。由于植物生长特性不同，植物对硝态氮和铵态氮的利用效率有所差异。植物的基因型和环境因素都会影响其对不同氮素形态的利用能力，形成一些植物对硝态氮偏爱，而另一些植物则对铵态氮更为偏爱。本文从土壤氮素形态与转化影响因子、植物对氮素吸收机制以及高效氮素循环转化展望3个层面综述相关的研究进展，为作物生产中氮肥调控、土壤生态修复等科学研究提供技术理论参考依据。

关键词: 硝态氮, 铵态氮, 载体转运, 吸收机制

Abstract:

Nitrogen is one of the three major nutrients required for plant growth, and nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen are the two main nitrogen forms absorbed by plants. Nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen play different roles in plant growth. Plants mainly absorb nitrate nitrogen through roots to meet the needs of nitrogen in the growth process, and convert it into synthetic raw materials for bioactive substances such as amino acids and proteins. At the same time, nitrate nitrogen participates in the synthesis of chlorophyll and promotes photosynthesis. Ammonium nitrogen can also be absorbed by plant roots and used for the synthesis of proteins and amino acids in plants, and the absorption rate of ammonium nitrogen is fast, which can meet the rapid demand of plants for nitrogen. Due to the different growth characteristics of plants, the utilization efficiency of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen by plants is different. The genotype and environmental factors of plants will affect their ability to utilize different nitrogen forms, forming that some plants prefer nitrate nitrogen, while others prefer ammonium nitrogen. In this paper, the related research progress was reviewed from three aspects: the influencing factors of soil nitrogen form and transformation, the mechanism of nitrogen absorption by plants and the prospect of efficient nitrogen cycle and transformation, so as to provide technical and theoretical reference for scientific research such as nitrogen fertilizer regulation and soil ecological restoration in crop production.

Key words: nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, carrier transport, absorption mechanism

宋可欣, 王丽霞, 刘永霞, 黄思豪, 姜成君, 何应对. 根际微生态环境中氮源转化及循环研究进展[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(21): 91-98.

SONG Kexin, WANG Lixia, LIU Yongxia, HUANG Sihao, JIANG Chengjun, HE Yingdui. Progress in Research on Nitrogen Source Transformation and Cycle with in the Rhizosphere Micro-ecological Environment[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(21): 91-98.

图/表 1

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根际微生态环境中氮源转化及循环研究进展

Progress in Research on Nitrogen Source Transformation and Cycle with in the Rhizosphere Micro-ecological Environment

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