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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (21): 99-105.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0759

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

几种钝化材料对铅冶炼场地土壤重金属的钝化修复效果

张欣惠1,2(), 周青云2,3, 许超2(), 武美燕3, 帅红1(), 张泉2, 朱奇宏2, 朱捍华2, 黄道友2   

  1. 1 湖南师范大学地理科学学院，长沙 410081
    2 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所，亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室，中国科学院长沙农业环境观测研究站，长沙 410125
    3 长江大学农学院，湖北荆州 434022
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-25 修回日期:2024-03-07 出版日期:2024-07-25 发布日期:2024-07-11
  • 通讯作者:
    许超，男，1978年出生，湖南浏阳人，副研究员，博士，主要从事土壤重金属污染土壤安全利用及修复方面的研究。通信地址：410125 长沙市芙蓉区远大二路644号 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所，Tel：0731-84619722，E-mail：。
    帅红，女，1975年出生，湖南大通湖人，教授，博士，主要从事生态系统健康和土壤环境方面的研究。通信地址：410081 桔子洲街道麓山路36号 湖南师范大学地理科学学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张欣惠，女，1999年出生，山东滕州人，在读硕士研究生，主要从事土壤重金属污染修复方面的研究。通信地址：410081 长沙市桔子洲街道麓山路36号 湖南师范大学地理科学学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题“有色冶炼场地土壤-地下水协同修复技术与工程示范-有色场地土壤多金属同步固化/钝化长效修复技术”(2019YFC1803602); 国家自然科学基金“水稻关键生育期氮运筹对镉吸收的调控机制”(42177025); 湖南省技术攻关“揭榜挂帅”项目“全元生物有机肥料创制”(2021NK1040)

Immobilization Remediation Effect of Several Passivation Materials on Heavy Metals in Soil of Lead Smelting Sites

ZHANG Xinhui1,2(), ZHOU Qingyun2,3, XU Chao2(), WU Meiyan3, SHUAI Hong1(), ZHANG Quan2, ZHU Qihong2, ZHU Hanhua2, HUANG Daoyou2   

  1. 1 School of Geographic Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081
    2 Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Chinese Academy of Sciences/ Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region/Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125
    3 College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434100
  • Received:2023-10-25 Revised:2024-03-07 Published:2024-07-25 Online:2024-07-11

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摘要：

通过土壤培养试验，评估了水泥、锰磷改性生物炭和锰磷改性谷壳灰在0%、1%、2%、4% 4个施用量下对铅冶炼场地土壤pH以及Cd、Pb和微量元素（Zn、Fe和Mn）有效态含量的影响。研究结果显示：随着水泥施用量的提高，铅冶炼场地土壤pH显著提高，Cd和Pb有效性逐渐降低，水泥处理济源某冶炼场地和株洲某冶炼场地土壤pH分别提高0.89~1.84和0.89~1.76个单位，DTPA-Cd含量分别降低34.3%~53.1% (P<0.05)和59.6%~73.2% (P<0.05)，DTPA-Pb含量分别降低21.6%~44.7% (P<0.05)和38.4%~44.3% (P<0.05)。随着锰磷改性生物炭和锰磷改性谷壳灰施用量的提高，铅冶炼场地土壤pH与Cd和Pb有效性均逐渐降低。4%锰磷改性生物炭处理两铅冶炼场地土壤pH分别降低0.51（济源）和0.40（株洲）个单位，DTPA-Cd含量显著降低18.0%（济源）和39.8%（株洲），DTPA-Pb含量显著降低37.8%（济源）和63.1%（株洲）。4%锰磷改性谷壳灰处理两铅冶炼场地土壤pH分别降低0.70（济源）和0.23（株洲）个单位，DTPA-Cd含量显著降低14.9%（济源）和30.2%（株洲），DTPA-Pb含量显著降低37.3%（济源）和54.1%（株洲）。4%水泥处理两铅冶炼场地土壤DTPA-Zn含量分别显著降低36.5%（济源）和59.4%（株洲），DTPA-Fe含量分别显著提高122.7%（济源）和142.9%（株洲），DTPA-Mn含量分别显著降低13.8%（济源）和69.1%（株洲）。4%锰磷改性生物炭处理土壤DTPA-Zn含量显著提高48.7%（济源），DTPA-Mn含量分别显著提高409.7%（济源）和538.6%（株洲），DTPA-Fe含量分别显著降低33.4%（济源）和30.7%（株洲）。4%锰磷改性谷壳灰处理土壤DTPA-Zn含量显著提高63.0%（济源），DTPA-Mn含量分别显著提高290.3%（济源）和73.5%（株洲），DTPA-Fe含量分别显著降低9.5%（济源）和12.0%（株洲）。3种钝化材料降低两铅冶炼场地Cd有效性顺序均为水泥>锰磷改性生物炭>锰磷改性谷壳灰，降低Pb有效性顺序分别为水泥>锰磷改性生物炭>锰磷改性谷壳灰（济源）和锰磷改性生物炭>锰磷改性谷壳灰>水泥（株洲）。研究建议根据铅冶炼场地的具体Cd和Pb污染特征选择合适的钝化材料，以实现对土壤Cd和Pb的有效同步钝化。

关键词: 钝化材料, Cd, Pb, 微量元素, 有效性

Abstract:

A soil incubation experiment was conducted to study the effects of cement, Mn-P modified biochar and Mn-P modified rice husk ash on soil pH and the available concentration of Cd, Pb and trace elements (Zn, Fe and Mn) in lead smelting site soils under four application rates of 0%, 1%, 2% and 4%. The results showed that with the increase of cement application rate, the pH of the lead smelting site soils significantly increased, and the availability of Cd and Pb decreased gradually. The soil pH of a smelting site in Jiyuan and a smelting site in Zhuzhou treated with cement increased by 0.89-1.84 and 0.89-1.76 units, respectively. The DTPA-Cd concentration treated with cement decreased by 34.3%-53.1% (P<0.05) and 59.6%-73.2% (P<0.05), and DTPA-Pb concentration decreased by 21.6%-44.7% (P<0.05) and 38.4%-44.3% (P<0.05), respectively. With the increase of application rates of Mn-P modified biochar and Mn-P modified rice husk ash, the soil pH, and Cd and Pb availability in lead smelting sites gradually decreased. The treatment of 4%Mn-P modified biochar reduced the soil pH of two lead smelting sites by 0.51 (Jiyuan) and 0.40 (Zhuzhou) units, respectively. The DTPA-Cd concentration significantly decreased by 18.0% (Jiyuan) and 39.8% (Zhuzhou), and DTPA-Pb concentration significantly decreased by 37.8% (Jiyuan) and 63.1% (Zhuzhou). The soil pH value of the two lead smelting sites treated with 4% Mn-P modified rice husk ash decreased by 0.70 (Jiyuan) and 0.23 (Zhuzhou) units, respectively. The DTPA-Cd concentration significantly decreased by 14.9% (Jiyuan) and 30.2% (Zhuzhou), and the DTPA-Pb concentration significantly decreased by 37.3% (Jiyuan) and 54.1% (Zhuzhou). The DTPA-Zn concentration in the soil of two lead smelting sites treated with 4% cement significantly decreased by 36.5% (Jiyuan) and 59.4% (Zhuzhou), respectively, and the DTPA-Fe concentration significantly increased by 122.7% (Jiyuan) and 142.9% (Zhuzhou), and the DTPA-Mn concentration significantly decreased by 13.8% (Jiyuan) and 69.1% (Zhuzhou), respectively. The treatment of 4% Mn-P modified biochar significantly increased the soil DTPA-Zn concentration by 48.7% (Jiyuan), and the DTPA-Mn concentration significantly increased by 409.7% (Jiyuan) and 538.6% (Zhuzhou), and the DTPA-Fe concentration significantly decreased by 33.4% (Jiyuan) and 30.7% (Zhuzhou), respectively. The treatment of 4% Mn-P modified rice husk ash significantly increased the soil DTPA-Zn concentration by 63.0% (Jiyuan), and the DTPA-Mn concentration significantly increased by 290.3% (Jiyuan) and 73.5% (Zhuzhou), and the DTPA-Fe concentration significantly decreased by 9.5% (Jiyuan) and 12.0% (Zhuzhou), respectively. The order of reducing Cd availability of three passivation materials in two lead smelting sites was cement>Mn-P modified biochar>Mn-P modified rice husk ash, and the order of reducing Pb availability was cement>Mn-P modified biochar>Mn-P modified rice husk ash (Jiyuan) and Mn-P modified biochar>Mn-P modified rice husk ash>cement (Zhuzhou). It was necessary to select suitable passivation materials based on the Cd and Pb pollution characteristics of lead smelting sites to achieve synchronous immobilization of soil Cd and Pb.

Key words: passivation materials, Cd, Pb, trace elements, availability