能源高粱在轻度与中度镉污染稻田的修复研究

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0498

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确能源高粱在不同镉(Cd)污染程度稻田中的修复能力，应用5种能源高粱在轻度与中度Cd污染稻田中开展植物修复对比试验，测定了能源高粱各部位Cd的积累量、富集系数、转运系数和土壤Cd变化量，并分析了能源高粱Cd的富集特征与土壤Cd含量间的相关性。结果表明：在轻度污染稻田（全Cd含量为0.59 mg/kg），5种能源高粱地上部Cd积累量为13.62~34.70 g/hm²，富集系数为1.53~3.38，转移系数为0.25~0.68，‘阿尔托2号’(V4)地上部Cd积累量比‘阿尔托601’(V1)、‘阿尔托901’(V2)和‘阿尔托1号’(V3)分别显著高154.71%、64.90%和30.68%，V3和‘N51M4264’(V5)地上部Cd积累量比V1分别显著高94.89%和141.42%；在中度污染稻田（全Cd含量为1.89 mg/kg），5种能源高粱地上部Cd积累量为14.78~53.35 g/hm²，富集系数为0.72~1.65，转移系数为0.24~0.43，V3、V4和V5地上部Cd含量比V1和V2显著高148.26%~260.98%。能源高粱对Cd的富集系数与转移系数呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)，与土壤全Cd含量和有效态Cd含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。研究表明：5种能源高粱在轻度和中度Cd污染稻田均可以正常生长，其中生物质高粱‘阿尔托2号’具有较好的生物产量及Cd富集与转移能力，可用于中度Cd污染稻田修复；甜高粱‘阿尔托601’的富集与转移能力相对较低，可用于轻度Cd污染稻田安全生产。

关键词: Cd污染稻田, 能源高粱, 植物修复, 安全生产, 富集系数

Abstract:

To clarify the remediation ability of energy sorghum in paddy fields, five energy sorghum varieties were used to carry out phytoremediation comparative experiments in paddy fields with slight and moderate cadmium (Cd) contamination. The Cd accumulation amount, enrichment coefficient, transfer coefficient and the soil Cd concentration change were measured, the correlation among these indexes were analyzed. The results showed that in slightly Cd contaminated paddy field (the total Cd concentration of soil was 0.59 mg/kg), the shoot Cd accumulation of five energy sorghum varieties was 13.62-34.70 g/hm², the enrichment coefficient was 1.53-3.38, and the transfer coefficient was 0.25-0.68. The shoot Cd accumulation of ‘Alto 2’ (V4) was significantly higher than that of ‘Alto 601’ (V1), ‘Alto 901’ (V2) and ‘Alto 1’ (V3) by 154.71%, 64.90% and 30.68%, respectively. The shoot Cd accumulation of V3 and ‘N51M4264’ (V5) was significantly higher than that of V1 by 94.89% and 141.42%, respectively. In moderately Cd contaminated paddy field (the total Cd concentration of soil was 1.89 mg/kg), the shoot Cd accumulation of the five energy sorghum varieties was 14.78-53.35 g/hm², the enrichment coefficient was 0.72-1.65, and the transfer coefficient was 0.24-0.43. In addition, the shoot Cd concentration of V3, V4 and V5 were significantly higher than that of V1 and V2 by 148.26%-260.98%. The enrichment coefficient was significantly and positively correlated with the transfer coefficient (P<0.01), but was negatively correlated with soil total Cd and soil available Cd concentration (P<0.05). The results showed that all the five energy sorghum varieties had better biological yield. ‘Alto2’ could be used for the remediation for moderately Cd contaminated paddy fields because of its higher biological yield, and good enrichment and transfer capacity. ‘Alto 601’ could be used for the safe production in slightly Cd contaminated paddy fields because of its relatively low Cd enrichment and transfer capacity.

Key words: Cd contaminated paddy fields, energy sorghum, phytoremediation, safe production, enrichment coefficient

李佰重, 黄道友, 许超, 朱捍华, 张泉. 能源高粱在轻度与中度镉污染稻田的修复研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2023, 39(14): 41-47.

LI Baizhong, HUANG Daoyou, XU Chao, ZHU Hanhua, ZHANG Quan. Comparative Study on Remediation of Slight and Moderate Cadmium Contaminated Paddy Fields by Energy Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.)[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(14): 41-47.

图/表 7

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地点	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	速效氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	阳离子交换量/(cmol/kg)	全Cd/(mg/kg)	有效Cd/(mg/kg)
湘潭县	6.9	48.3	2.21	212	19.2	19.9	0.59	0.19
渌口区	6.8	54.9	2.35	213	6.9	19.9	1.89	0.47

地点	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/(g/kg)	速效氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	阳离子交换量/(cmol/kg)	全Cd/(mg/kg)	有效Cd/(mg/kg)
湘潭县	6.9	48.3	2.21	212	19.2	19.9	0.59	0.19
渌口区	6.8	54.9	2.35	213	6.9	19.9	1.89	0.47

污染程度	品种编号	富集系数	转移系数
轻度污染	V1	1.53±0.08c	0.25±0.03c
	V2	2.61±0.35b	0.37±0.09b
	V3	1.73±0.13c	0.25±0.02c
	V4	3.38±0.41a	0.68±0.10a
	V5	1.98±0.20c	0.32±0.02b
中度污染	V1	0.82±0.10d	0.24±0.03d
	V2	0.72±0.09d	0.25±0.02d
	V3	1.22±0.08b	0.35±0.01b
	V4	1.65±0.10a	0.43±0.02a
	V5	1.05±0.04c	0.30±0.01c

污染程度	品种编号	富集系数	转移系数
轻度污染	V1	1.53±0.08c	0.25±0.03c
	V2	2.61±0.35b	0.37±0.09b
	V3	1.73±0.13c	0.25±0.02c
	V4	3.38±0.41a	0.68±0.10a
	V5	1.98±0.20c	0.32±0.02b
中度污染	V1	0.82±0.10d	0.24±0.03d
	V2	0.72±0.09d	0.25±0.02d
	V3	1.22±0.08b	0.35±0.01b
	V4	1.65±0.10a	0.43±0.02a
	V5	1.05±0.04c	0.30±0.01c

污染程度	品种编号	全Cd/(mg/kg)	有效Cd/(mg/kg)	全Cd降低率/%	有效Cd降低率/%
轻度污染	试验前	0.59±0.03a	0.19±0.03a
	V1	0.55±0.04a	0.18±0.02a	6.78	4.66
	V2	0.55±0.03a	0.19±0.01a	6.78	1.55
	V3	0.59±0.02a	0.18±0.03a	0.00	5.70
	V4	0.56±0.04a	0.18±0.02a	5.08	6.22
	V5	0.59±0.03a	0.20±0.02a	0.00	-4.15
中度污染	试验前	1.89±0.03a	0.47±0.03a
	V1	1.77±0.02bc	0.44±0.02ab	6.35	6.55
	V2	1.89±0.03a	0.48±0.03a	0.00	-2.11
	V3	1.80±0.02b	0.42±0.01b	4.76	10.78
	V4	1.79±0.03b	0.45±0.03ab	5.29	5.71
	V5	1.74±0.04c	0.45±0.02ab	7.94	4.86