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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (28): 70-74.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0257

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

西安市设施菜地土壤硝态氮现状分析

孙喜军1(), 吕爽1, 任媛媛1, 高莹2, 张荣3   

  1. 1 西安市农业技术推广中心，西安 710061
    2 咸阳职业技术学院，陕西咸阳 712000
    3 西安市高陵区农业技术推广中心，西安 710200
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-27 修回日期:2023-07-24 出版日期:2023-10-05 发布日期:2023-09-25
  • 作者简介:

    孙喜军，男，1985年出生，甘肃庆阳人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事设施菜地土壤改良与修复方面的研究。通信地址：710061 陕西省西安市长安南路140号 西安市农业技术推广中心，Tel：029-85221626，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    西安市科技局农业技术研发项目“西安市设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化现状及防控关键技术研究”(20NYYF0044); 咸阳职业技术学院科研基金项目“4种改良剂防治设施土壤次生盐渍化效果研究”(2020KJC01); 咸阳职业技术学院2021年度博士科研基金项目“国家中心城市近郊设施菜地土壤次生盐渍化现状及防控关键技术研究——以西安市为例”(2021BK03)

Analysis of Nitrate Nitrogen Status in Soil of Protected Vegetable Fields in Xi’an

SUN Xijun1(), LV Shuang1, REN Yuanyuan1, GAO Ying2, ZHANG Rong3   

  1. 1 Xi'an Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xi'an 710061
    2 Xianyang Vocational Technical College, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712000
    3 Gaoling District Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xi'an 710200
  • Received:2023-03-27 Revised:2023-07-24 Published-:2023-10-05 Online:2023-09-25

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摘要：

摸清设施菜地土壤硝态氮现状对区域设施菜地氮素管理和设施蔬菜产业可持续性发展意义重大。采取大样本调研方法对西安市设施菜地土壤硝态氮现状进行全面分析评价。结果表明：（1）全市设施菜地土壤硝态氮含量平均值为55.22 mg/kg，丰缺等级属“中等”水平。（2）设施菜地土壤硝态氮含量区域分异较为明显，其中蓝田县设施菜地土壤硝态氮含量平均值最高(92.40 mg/kg)，周至县设施菜地土壤硝态氮含量平均值最低(28.10 mg/kg)。（3）随着种植年限的增加，设施菜地土壤硝态氮含量总体呈现出降低趋势，其中1~5年的设施菜地土壤硝态氮平均值最高(57.67 mg/kg)。（4）设施菜地土壤硝态氮含量随土壤质地变化表现出明显的规律性，土壤质地越粗硝态氮含量越低，土壤质地越细硝态氮含量越高。（5）设施菜地土壤硝态氮仅与有效磷之间存在极显著的正相关性，与有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、pH、电导率等均无极显著相关性。综合来看，西安市设施菜地表层土壤暂不存在硝态氮过量累积问题，但在施肥管理过程中需注意降氮和平衡施肥。

关键词: 设施菜地, 硝态氮, 种植年限, 土壤质地, 养分

Abstract:

It's of great significance to find out the status of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of protected vegetable fields for the nitrogen management of regional protected vegetable fields and the sustainable development of protected vegetable industries. Based on sampling and testing, the study adopted a large sample survey method to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the status of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of protected vegetable fields in Xi’an. The results showed that: (1) the average content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of the protected vegetable fields was 55.22 mg/kg, and the abundance and deficiency level was medium. (2) The regional variation of soil nitrate nitrogen content in the protected vegetable fields was obvious, among which the average value of soil nitrate nitrogen content in Lantian County was the highest (92.40 mg/kg), and the average value of soil nitrate nitrogen content in Zhouzhi County was the lowest (28.10 mg/kg). (3) WIth the increase of planting years, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of protected vegetable fields generally presented a downward trend, and the average value of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of protected vegetable fields in 1-5 years (57.67 mg/kg) was the highest. (4) The content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil of protected vegetable fields showed obvious regularity with the change of soil texture. The coarser the soil texture, the lower content of nitrate nitrogen, and the finer the soil texture, the higher the content of nitrate nitrogen. (5) There was a very significant positive correlation between nitrate nitrogen and available phosphorus, but no significant correlation with organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium, pH, soil electronic conductivity, etc. In general, there was no excessive accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the surface soil of the protected vegetable fields in Xi’an, but attention should be paid to nitrogen reduction and balanced fertilization in the process of fertilization management.

Key words: protected vegetable fields, nitrate nitrogen, planting years, soil texture, nutrients