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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (22): 34-39.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0583

• 林学·园艺·园林 • 上一篇    下一篇

沼液替代化肥对露地萝卜产量、品质和土壤理化性质的影响

韩晓飞1,2(), 李潇然1, 王俊伟3()   

  1. 1 平顶山学院旅游与规划学院，河南平顶山 467000
    2 平顶山市山水林田湖草生态产品价值实现重点实验室，河南平顶山 467000
    3 河南省平顶山市汝州市农业农村局，河南汝州 467500
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-12 修回日期:2022-12-02 出版日期:2023-08-05 发布日期:2023-07-28
  • 通讯作者: 王俊伟，女，1979年出生，河南汝州人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事农村能源技术推广工作。通信地址：467500 河南省汝州市广城西路96号 汝州市农业农村局，E-mail：1691320206@qq.com。
  • 作者简介:

    韩晓飞，男，1984年出生，河南叶县人，讲师，博士，主要从事农业废弃物资源化利用的教学与科研工作。通信地址：467000 河南省平顶山市新城区 平顶山学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河南省科技攻关项目“基于大型固定样地和激光雷达影像数据的森林碳库核酸与碳增汇技术”(202102310840); 平顶山学院博士科研启动基金“基于DGT方法的平顶山农田土壤磷素有效性研究”(PXY-BSQD-2019010)

Influences of Biogas Slurry Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Radish in Open Field and Soil Physicochemical Properties

HAN Xiaofei1,2(), LI Xiaoran1, WANG Junwei3()   

  1. 1 College of Tourism and Planning, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000
    2 Key Laboratory for Value Realization of Ecological Products of Mountains-Rivers-Forests-Farmlands-Lakes-Grasslands in Pingdingshan City, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000
    3 Ruzhou Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Pingdingshan City, Pingdingshan, Henan 467500
  • Received:2022-07-12 Revised:2022-12-02 Online:2023-08-05 Published:2023-07-28

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摘要：

为探明豫西丘陵褐土区露地萝卜沼液还田条件下最佳替代化肥量，给沼液循环利用提供科学理论依据，在大田试验条件下，以萝卜品种‘平丰3号’为试验材料，设置低量沼液(22.5 t/hm2，T1)、中量沼液(45 t/hm2，T2)、高量沼液(67.5 t/hm2，T3)、常规施肥(600 kg/hm2，T4)、不施肥(0，CK)5个处理，研究沼液替代化肥对露地萝卜生长发育和产量品质及土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明，沼液替代化肥未对萝卜生长发育产生负影响，并且保障了萝卜产量，其中T3处理最高，比T4最终产量提高了10.2%；萝卜根重、根横茎、根长和叶长以T3处理表现最优；T1、T2、T3处理萝卜可溶性固形物含量、蛋白质、维生素C含量都较T4和CK显著提高(P<0.05)。沼液还田后，土壤养分含量相比还田前有所变化，相比T4处理，沼液替代化肥处理组有机质和碱解氮含量显著提高(P<0.05)，T3最高，分别提升7.2%和8.6%；有效磷呈降低趋势；pH和全氮、全磷、全钾含量变化不大。在本试验条件下，建议露地萝卜整个生育期内施用3次沼液，总施用量控制在70 t/hm2，施用时期分别为50%点播前期作为基肥、30%苗期、20%莲座期。

关键词: 沼液替代, 萝卜, 产量, 品质, 土壤养分

Abstract:

The paper aims to explore the optimal amount of alternative chemical fertilizer under the condition of radish biogas slurry returning to field in the hilly-brown soil area of western Henan, and provide scientific theoretical basis for the recycling of biogas slurry. Under field conditions, radish variety ‘Pingfeng 3’ was used as experimental material, and five treatments were set up, including low biogas slurry (22.5 t/hm2, T1), medium biogas slurry (45 t/hm2, T2), high biogas slurry (67.5 t/hm2, T3), conventional fertilization (600 kg/hm2, T4) and no fertilization (0, CK). The effects of biogas slurry replacing chemical fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of open field radish and soil physicochemical properties were studied. The results showed that biogas slurry had no negative effect on the growth and development of radish, and ensured the yield of radish. The highest yield of T3 treatment was 10.2% higher than that of T4. The root weight, root transverse stem, root length and leaf length of radish were the best in T3 treatment. The soluble solid content, protein and vitamin C content of radish treated with T1, T2 and T3 were significantly higher than those of T4 and CK (P<0.05). After biogas slurry was returned to the field, the soil nutrient content changed compared with that before returning to the field. Compared with T4 treatment, the organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in the biogas slurry treatment group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the highest (T3 treatment) increased by 7.2% and 8.6%, respectively. The available phosphorus decreased, and the pH and total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium changed little. Under the experimental conditions, it is recommended to apply biogas slurry three times during the whole growth period of open field radish, and the total application amount is controlled at 70t/hm2. The application periods are as basal fertilizer (50%) at the early sowing stage, seedling stage (30%) and rosette stage (20%).

Key words: biogas slurry replacement, radish, yield, quality, soil nutrient