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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (31): 83-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0811

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

昆明地区微喷条件下大白菜耗水规律研究

曹言1,2(), 李尤亮1,2, 周筱妍1,2, 姜秀娟3(), 张雷1,2, 王杰1,2   

  1. 1 云南省水利水电科学研究院，昆明 650228
    2 高原立体气候条件作物需水云南省野外科学观测研究站，昆明 650228
    3 云南省水利水电勘测设计研究院，昆明 650021
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-04 修回日期:2024-08-06 出版日期:2024-11-05 发布日期:2024-11-04
  • 通讯作者:
    姜秀娟，女，1984年出生，河南濮阳人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事水文与水资源研究。通信地址：650021 昆明市五华区青年路376号 云南省水利水电勘测设计研究院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    曹言，男，1987年出生，陕西鄠邑人，高级工程师，硕士，主要从事水文与水资源研究。通信地址：650228 昆明市西山区新闻路下段五家堆111号 云南省水利水电科学研究院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技厅科技人才与平台计划项目“高原立体气候条件作物需水云南省野外科学观测研究站”(202005AM070024); 云南省科技计划项目“星云湖东西大河流域农业面源污染监测关键技术研究”(202402AE090024-1-4)

Water Consumption Law of Chinese Cabbage Under Microspray Irrigation in Kunming Regions

CAO Yan1,2(), LI Youliang1,2, ZHOU Xiaoyan1,2, JIANG Xiujuan3(), ZHANG Lei1,2, WANG Jie1,2   

  1. 1 Yunnan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Kunming 650228
    2 Crop Water Requirement Under Three-dimensional Plateau Climate Yunnan Field Scientific Observation Station, Kunming 650228
    3 Yunnan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Investigation, Design and Research, Kunming 650228
  • Received:2023-12-04 Revised:2024-08-06 Published:2024-11-05 Online:2024-11-04

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摘要：

为探索昆明地区大白菜在微喷条件下的耗水规律和节水潜力，在云南省灌溉试验中心站以‘青岛83-1’为试验作物，于2019年7月7日和9月26日播种2茬大白菜，采用当地群众高产种植灌溉经验为水分处理，使用云智能土壤水分仪研究微喷条件下的夏季和秋季大白菜生育期内耗水量和耗水规律。结果表明，2茬大白菜全生育期蒸发蒸腾量为119.23、102.57 mm，日均蒸发蒸腾强度为1.66、1.27 mm/d，其中结球期平均蒸发蒸腾量最高(47.54 mm)，苗期平均蒸发蒸腾量最小(2.36 mm)。不同生育期大白菜蒸发蒸腾量表现为结球期>莲座期>采收期>团棵期>苗期。典型日大白菜蒸发蒸腾量变化曲线呈单峰变化，蒸发蒸腾量高值主要集中在11:00—14:00，且出现明显的“午休”现象。大白菜蒸发蒸腾量随土壤深度增加而减少，0~10 cm处蒸发蒸腾量最多，平均占比达到45.25%，30~40 cm处蒸发蒸腾量最小，平均占比为7.74%。根据大白菜不同生育期土壤含水量的适宜区间，2茬大白菜分别存在2次和3次过度灌水情况，如能避免过度灌水，2茬大白菜可分别节水160.0、180.0 m3/hm2。

关键词: 蒸发蒸腾量, 大白菜, 微喷, 节水潜力

Abstract:

To explore the water consumption law of Chinese cabbage under microspray irrigation in Kunming regions, using cloud intelligent soil water meter in Yunnan Irrigation Experiment Center Station, the water consumption law of Chinese cabbage during summer and autumn of 2019 year under microspray irrigation was studied by using local planting experience, and the water saving potential in this regions was revealed under microspray irrigation. The results showed that the evapotranspiration of Chinese cabbage were 119.23 and 102.57 mm during the whole growth period, and the average daily evapotranspiration intensity was 1.66 and 1.27 mm/d, in which the average evapotranspiration was the highest in rosette stage, reaching 47.54 mm, and the average evapotranspiration was the smallest in seedling stage, only 2.36 mm. The evapotranspiration of Chinese cabbage in different growth stages showed heading stage> rosette stage> harvesting stage> group tree stage> seedling stage. The curve of evapotranspiration of typical Chinese cabbage showed a single peak change, and the high value of evapotranspiration mainly concentrated in 11:00-14:00, and there was an obviously ‘lunch break’ phenomenon. The evapotranspiration of Chinese cabbage decreased with the increase of soil depth. The evapotranspiration of Chinese cabbage was the highest at 0-10 cm, the average proportion reached 45.25%, and the lowest at 30-40 cm, the average proportion was 7.74%. According to the suitable range of soil water content in different growth stages of Chinese cabbage, there were two times and three times of over-irrigation respectively in the two crops of Chinese cabbage. Under the condition of avoiding over-irrigation, the two crops of Chinese cabbage could save water by 160.0 m3/hm2 and 180.0 m3/hm2 respectively.

Key words: evapotranspiration, Chinese cabbage, microspray irrigation, water saving potential