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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (24): 151-157.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0850

• 水产·渔业 • 上一篇    下一篇

池塘种稻对养殖水体氮、磷去除效果及对鱼类生长的影响

祖晓光1(), 杨炳坤2, 刘铁钢2, 李秀颖2, 祖岫杰2, 刘艳辉2()   

  1. 1 长春市农业技术推广站，长春 130033
    2 吉林省水产科学研究院，长春 130033
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-13 修回日期:2024-03-11 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-08-20
  • 通讯作者:
    刘艳辉，女，1966年出生，吉林德惠人，研究员，研究方向为鱼病研究及池塘生态养殖技术研究。通信地址：130033 吉林长春市经济技术开发区昆山路1195号 吉林省水产科学研究院，Tel：0431-84656843，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    祖晓光，女，1983年出生，吉林德惠人，正高级农艺师，硕士，研究方向：作物栽培。通信地址：130033 吉林省长春市济技术开发区海口路122号，Tel：0431-84656843-209，E-mail：

  • 基金资助:
    吉林省重点研发项目“北方池塘渔农多元复合养种生态模式构建与应用”(20230202070NC); 财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-45-35)

Effects of Rice Planting in Ponds on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal and Fish Growth in Aquatic Water

ZU Xiaoguang1(), YANG Bingkun2, LIU Tiegang2, LI Xiuying2, ZU Xiujie2, LIU Yanhui2()   

  1. 1 Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Changchun City, Changchun 130033
    2 Jilin Fisheries Research Institute, Changchun 130033
  • Received:2023-12-13 Revised:2024-03-11 Published:2024-08-20 Online:2024-08-20

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摘要：

旨在评估北方养殖池塘中生态浮床种植水稻对水质中氮、磷去除效果及其对养殖鱼类生长的影响。试验选取6个面积均为0.267 hm2的试验池塘，分为试验和对照2个组，每组3个重复。试验组浮床水稻面积占池塘面积20%。试验组和对照组放养鱼类品种、规格、数量、搭配比例、饲料投喂等完全相同。试验期间，每半月监测一次水体总氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)、硝态氮(NO3--N)、磷酸盐(PO43--P)、总磷(TP)等水化指标，试验结束后测量各种鱼出池规格，统计各种鱼单位面积产量、总产量、成活率、饲料系数等。结果表明，6月15日试验开始时，试验组和对照组各项水化指标均无差异(P˃0.05)，7月1日至试验结束，试验组各项水化指标均显著低于对照组(P˂0.05)。试验组TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N、TP、PO43--P分别比对照组平均降低55.31%、70.25%、54.61%、68.68%、53.79%。试验结束时，试验组TN、TP分别为0.73 mg/L和0.12 mg/L，均达到了中国池塘养殖尾水排放一级标准。试验组鲫、鲂鱼出池规格和单位面积产量分别显著高于对照组(P˂0.05)14.48%、12.68%和12.98%、15.01%，试验组单位面积总产量显著高于对照组(P˂0.05)11.59%，试验组各种鱼成活率、鲢、鳙鱼出池规格及单位面积产量与对照组无显著性差异(P˃0.05)，试验组饲料系数显著低于对照组(P˂0.05)7.48%。由此可见，池塘浮床种植水稻对养殖池塘水体中的N、P去除效果显著，并显著提高摄食鱼类产量及饲料利用率。

关键词: 生物浮床, 氮磷去除, 鱼类, 生长, 饲料利用率

Abstract:

This research is to explore the effect of rice planting in ecological floating bed on nitrogen and phosphorus removal and fish growth in northern ponds. Six ponds with an area of 0.267 hm2 were selected and divided into two groups, test group and control group, with three replicates in each group. The area of floating bed rice accounted for 20% of the pond area. The species, specification, quantity, collocation proportion and feed feeding of fish cultivation in test group and control group were identical. During the experiment, the total nitrogen (TN), ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), phosphate (PO43-P), total phosphorus (TP) and some relevant statistics had been supervised in each half a month. After the test, all kinds of fish out of the tank specifications were measured, and the output per unit area, total output, survival rate and feed coefficient of all kinds of fish were counted. The results showed that at the beginning of the experiment on June 15, there was no difference in hydration indexes between the test group and the control group (P>0.05), all the hydration indexes in the test group were significantly lower than those of control group from July 1 to the end of the experiment (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, TN, NH4+-N, NO3--N, TP, PO43--P in the test group decreased by 55.31%, 70.25%, 54.61%, 68.68%, 53.79%, respectively. At the end of the experiment, TN and TP of the test group were 0.73 mg/L and 0.12 mg/L respectively, which reached the first-class discharge standard of our country. The ex-pond size and yield per unit area of crucian carp and gurnard in test group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05) 14.48%, 12.68% and 12.98%, 15.01% respectively. The total yield per unit area in test group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05) 11.59%, there was no significant difference in survival rate, fish size and yield per unit area between the test group and the control group (P>0.05). The feed coefficient of the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05) 7.48%. Rice planting on floating bed in ponds can significantly remove N and P from the water body of ponds, and significantly increase the yield of fish and feed efficiency.

Key words: biological floating bed, nitrogen and phosphorus removal, fish, growth, feed utilization rate