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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (18): 143-149.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0352

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤 • 上一篇    下一篇

农业保险天气指数设计——以日喀则市青稞为例

甘臣龙1(), 索娜曲珍2, 周刊社3, 扎西顿珠4(), 史继清3,5, 普布多吉3, 益西卓玛3, 王勇6   

  1. 1 墨竹工卡县气象局，拉萨 850200
    2 成都信息工程大学，成都 510100
    3 西藏自治区气候中心，拉萨 850000
    4 西藏高原大气环境科学研究所，拉萨 850000
    5 日喀则国家气候观象台，西藏日喀则 857000
    6 中国民用航空飞行学院广汉分院，四川广汉 618300
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-29 修回日期:2025-05-06 出版日期:2025-06-25 发布日期:2025-07-06
  • 通讯作者:
    扎西顿珠，男，1967年出生，西藏拉萨人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事遥感应用方面的研究。通信地址：850000 拉萨市林廓北路2号 西藏自治区气象局，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    甘臣龙，男，1988年出生，高级工程师，本科，主要从事地面观测及农业气象方面的研究。通信地址：850200 拉萨市墨竹工卡县工卡镇南京西路33号 墨竹工卡县气象局，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    西藏自治区科学技术协会项目“遥感林火判识视频及数据库建立、墨脱茶叶发展现状及气候品质评价本地化指标”; 西藏自治区科技计划重点研发及转化项目(XZ202401ZY0065); 区域创新发展联合基金重点支持项目(U23A2006); 西藏自治区科技创新基地建设项目(XZ202401YD0008)

Design of Agricultural Insurance Weather Index-Taking Highland Barley in Xigazê City as An Example

GAN Chenlong1(), SUONA Quzhen2, ZHOU Kanshe3, ZHAXI Dunzhu4(), SHI Jiqing3,5, PUBU Duoji3, YIXI Zhuoma3, WANG Yong6   

  1. 1 Maizhokunggar County Meteorological Bureau, Lhasa 850200
    2 Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 510100
    3 Xizang Climate Center, Lhasa 850000
    4 Xizang Institute of Plateau Atmospheric and Environmental Science Research, Lhasa 850000
    5 Xigazê National Climate Observatory, Xigazê, Xizang 857000
    6 Guanghan College, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, Sichuan 618300
  • Received:2024-05-29 Revised:2025-05-06 Published:2025-06-25 Online:2025-07-06

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摘要：

为构建精准的农业气象保险产品，降低高原地区青稞种植风险，运用日喀则市1981—2020年气象资料，分析春青稞各生育期灾害类型，确定关键灾害及天气指数。经遴选，确定出苗—分蘖期霜冻、分蘖—孕穗期干旱、孕穗—抽穗期连阴雨、抽穗—开花期连阴雨、成熟—收获期连阴雨为影响春青稞产量的关键气象灾害，并据此确定了霜冻指数、干旱指数、连阴雨指数1、连阴雨指数2、连阴雨指数3等青稞天气指数。结果表明：（1）在日喀则市1981—2000年青稞种植中运用该天气指数，赔付金额波动较大，多数年份赔付金额大于保险费。（2）在1981—2022年期间，干旱指数DI出现频次较高的数值为2和3；霜冻害指数FDI出现频次较高的是1和2；阴雨日指数CRI1取值为0的年份较多；阴雨日指数CRI2取值为0和1的年份相对较多；阴雨日指数CRI3取值波动相对较大。研究设计开发了春青稞种植天气指数保险产品，确定了不同天气指数的赔付触发值和赔付金额，有助于识别青稞生育期间的主要农业气象灾害风险，有效弥补了传统农业保险的不足。复合天气指数保险产品为农业天气指数保险提供了一种新的方法探索，有助于天气指数保险的推广应用。

关键词: 青稞, 农业保险, 天气指数, 日喀则

Abstract:

In order to construct precise agricultural meteorological insurance products and reduce the risk of barley planting in plateau areas, the meteorological data of Xigazê City from 1981 to 2020 were used to analyze the types of disasters in each growth period of spring barley, and the key disasters weather indices were determined. After screening, it was determined that the key meteorological disasters affecting the yield of spring barley were seedling-tillering stage frost, tillering-booting stage drought, booting-heading stage continuous overcast and rain, heading-flowering stage continuous overcast and rain, and mature-harvesting stage continuous cast and rain, and the barley weather indices such as frost index, drought index, continuous overcast and rain index 1, continuous overcast and rain index 2 and continuous overcast and rain index 3 were determined accordingly. The results showed that: (1) using the weather index in the planting of barley in Xigazê City from 1981 to 2000, the compensation amount fluctuated greatly, and the compensation amount was greater than the insurance premium in most years. (2) During the period of 1981-2022, the values with high frequency of occurrence of the drought index DI were 2 and 3; the values with high frequency of occurrence of the frost damage index FDI were 1 and 2; the continuous rain day index CRI1 was 0 for most years; the years with the value of 0 and 1 were relatively more for the continuous rain day index CRI2; the value fluctuation of the continuous rain day index CRI3 was relatively large. The spring highland barley planting weather index insurance product was designed and developed, and the compensation trigger value and compensation amount of different weather indexes were determined, which was helpful to identify the main agricultural meteorological disaster risk during the growth period of highland barley, and effectively made up for the deficiency of traditional agricultural insurance. The composite weather index insurance product provides a new method for the exploration of agricultural weather index insurance, which helps the promotion and application of weather index insurance.

Key words: barley, agriculture insurance, weather indices, Xigazê