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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (29): 96-102.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0154

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

气候变化背景下西藏隆子县黑青稞气候适宜性分析

普布多吉1(), 罗珍1, 扎西拉姆2, 周刊社1(), 张东东1   

  1. 1 西藏自治区气候中心，拉萨 850000
    2 工布江达县气象局，西藏林芝 860000
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-07 修回日期:2024-08-16 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-14
  • 通讯作者:
    周刊社，男，1977年出生，陕西周至人，正研级高级工程师，硕士，研究方向：生态与农业气象、应对气候变化。通信地址：850000 西藏自治区城关区林廓北路2号，Tel：0891-6361095，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    普布多吉，男，1987年出生，西藏琼结人，工程师，本科，研究方向：生态与农业气象、应对气候变化。通信地址：850000 西藏自治区拉萨市林廓北路2号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    西藏“一江两河”流域主要农业气象灾害风险预警评估技术研究及示范应用(XZ202401ZY0065); 青藏第二次科考：西风-季风协同作用及其环境效应(2019QZKK0106)之子专题“风-季风协同作用下青藏高原典型植被环境野外科考及主要气象灾害时空特征分析”

Analysis of Suitability of Climate Change for Black Highland Barley in Longzi County of Xizang

PUBU Duoji1(), LUO Zhen1, ZHAXI Lamu2, ZHOU Kanshe1(), ZHANG Dongdong1   

  1. 1 Tibet Climate Center, Lhasa 850000
    2 Gongbujiangda County Meteorological Bureau, Linzhi, Tibet 860000
  • Received:2023-03-07 Revised:2024-08-16 Published:2024-10-15 Online:2024-10-14

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摘要：

黑青稞是隆子县主要种植的特色青稞品种，也是中国国家地理标志产品，属于世界最大的黑青稞种植基地，种植面积约34.4 km2。为了解气候变化对当地黑青稞适宜性影响，采用1961—2022年西藏隆子县气象观测资料，选取气温、降水、日照等气象要素，运用统计方法研究隆子县黑青稞生长区气候变化趋势，分析隆子县黑青稞生长适宜性气候特征。结果表明：隆子县黑青稞种植区域的海拔在3800~4200 m之间，近63 a的年平均气温为5.5℃，呈显著升高趋势(P<0.001)，且气温日较差变大趋势；年平均降水量为281.3 mm，呈不显著减少趋势；平均年日照时数为2938.2 h，呈不显著升高趋势；年≥0℃和≥10℃的有效积温均呈明显升高趋势，积温持续日数变长，降水量占年总量的80%~85%，适宜黑青稞生长的积温分布范围变大，气象条件适宜，可种植面积也随之增大。本研究结论可为合理利用当地气候资源，提高黑青稞产量和品质及调整当地农业种植模式提供科学依据，为农业增产农民增收提供有利气象支撑。

关键词: 隆子县, 黑青稞, 气候分析, 适宜性

Abstract:

Black highland barley is the characteristic highland barley variety mainly planted in Longzi County, and it is also the product of China's National Geographic Indication. Longzi County is the largest black highland barley planting base in the world, with a planting area of about 34.4 km2. In order to understand the influence of climate change on the suitability of local black highland barley, this paper adopted the meteorological observation data of Longzi County, Xizang Autonomous Region from 1961 to 2022, meteorological elements such as temperature, precipitation and sunshine to study the climate change trend of the growing area of black highland barley in Longzi County using statistical methods, and the climate characteristics of the growth suitability of black highland barley in Longzi County were analyzed. The results showed that the altitude of the black highland barley growing area in Longzi County was between 3800 and 4200 m, and the average annual temperature in the past 62 years was 5.5℃, which showed a significant increasing trend (P<0.001), and the daily temperature difference became larger. The average annual precipitation was 281.3mm, which showed a no significant decreasing trend. The average annual sunshine duration was 2938.2h, showing an insignificant increasing trend. The annual effective accumulated temperature ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ showed an obvious increasing trend, the number of accumulated temperature days became longer, the precipitation accounted for 80%~85% of the annual total, the distribution range of accumulated temperature suitable for the growth of black highland barley became larger, and the suitable planting area under meteorological conditions also increased. The conclusion of this study can provide scientific basis for rational use of local climate resources, improve the yield and quality of black highland barley and adjust the local agricultural planting pattern, and provide strong meteorological support for increasing agricultural production and farmers' income.

Key words: Longzi County, black highland barley, climate analysis, suitability