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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (32): 85-90.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0394

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国西南地区老龄苹果园土壤类型对真菌群落多样性的影响

许留兴1(), 蔡荣靖1,2, 唐昕3, 张丹3, 吴冬3, 龚占斌3, 杨艳群3, 全勇3(), 黄国嫣3()   

  1. 1 昭通学院，云南昭通 657000
    2 昭通学院，昭通苹果产业绿色发展工程研究中心，云南昭通 657000
    3 昭通市苹果产业发展中心，云南昭通 657000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-12 修回日期:2024-09-06 出版日期:2024-11-15 发布日期:2024-11-12
  • 通讯作者:
    全勇，男，1973年出生，云南镇雄人，农业技术推广研究员，硕士，主要从事果树栽培技术方面的研究。通信地址：657000 云南省昭通市昭阳区凤霞路47号，E-mail：；
    黄国嫣，女，1988年出生，广西河池人，农艺师，硕士，主要从事苹果栽培技术及土壤养分研究。通信地址：657000 云南省昭通市昭阳区凤霞路47号，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    许留兴，男，1991年出生，贵州盘州人，副教授，博士，主要从事牧草栽培与加工方面的研究。通信地址：657000 云南省昭通市昭阳区国学路昭通学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省昭阳区苹果产业科技特派团(202104BI090028); 昭通鲲鹏计划人才项目(2022)

Influence of Soil Types on Diversity of Fungal Communities in Aged Apple Orchards in Southwestern China

XU Liuxing1(), CAI Rongjing1,2, TANG Xin3, ZHANG Dan3, WU Dong3, GONG Zhanbin3, YANG Yanqun3, QUAN Yong3(), HUANG Guoyan3()   

  1. 1 Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, Yunnan 657000
    2 Engineering Research Center of Green Development of Zhaotong Apple Industry, Zhaotong, Yunnan 657000
    3 Zhaotong Apple Industry Development Center, Zhaotong, Yunnan 657000
  • Received:2024-06-12 Revised:2024-09-06 Published:2024-11-15 Online:2024-11-12

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摘要：

真菌作为土壤中不可或缺的微生物群体，对苹果的生长和病害防治具有至关重要的影响。本研究的目的是比较中国西南地区老龄苹果园土壤类型对土壤真菌多样性的影响。试验包括4种土壤类型：棕壤(Brown soil，BS)、沙壤(Sandy soil，SS)、黄壤(Yellow soil，YS)和重茬土壤(Apple replant disease soil，ARDS)。结果显示：尽管4种土壤的α多样性没有差异，但SS的Sobs和Ace最低，ARDS具有最高的Sobs。ARDS、BS、SS和YS分别有326、301、265和303个操作分类单元(Operational Taxonomic Unit，OUT)，4种土壤共享了178个OUT。4种土壤单独拥有的OTU介于23到47个(ARDS>BS>YS>SS)。在4种土壤中，Solicoccozyma、Mortierella、Rhodotorula、Vishniacozyma是相对丰度最高的前4种真菌属。在属水平，4种土壤对包括Bionectria、Cladosporium、Mycoarthris、Cylindrocarpon和Clonostachys在内的15种真菌的相对丰度具有显著影响(P<0.05)。重茬土壤具有较多的物种，出现指示重茬现象的物种相对丰度较高。尽管所有土壤类型都出现致病菌，但相对丰度较低。

关键词: 土壤类型, 真菌, 群落多样性, 西南地区

Abstract:

As an indispensable microbial group in soil, fungi play a crucial role in apple growth and disease prevention. To compare the effects of soil types on the diversity of fungal communities in aged apple orchards in southwestern China, the experiment was conducted with four soil types: brown soil (BS), sandy soil (SS), yellow soil (YS) and apple replant disease soil (ARDS). The results showed that although there was no difference in α-diversity among the four soil types, SS had the lowest Sobs and Ace, while ARDS had the highest Sobs. ARDS, BS, SS and YS had 326, 301, 265 and 303 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) respectively, and the four soil types shared 178 OTUs. The OTUs by oneself was between 23 and 47 (ARDS>BS>YS>SS). Among the four soil types, Solicoccozyma, Mortierella, Rhodotorula and Vishniacozyma were the top four fungi with the highest relative abundance. At the genus level, the four soil types had significant effects on the relative abundance of 15 fungi, including Bionectria, Cladosporium, Mycoarthris, Cylindrocarpon and Clonostachys (P<0.05). The ARDS soil type had a higher number of species and a relatively high abundance of species indicating replant disease. Although pathogenic fungi were present in all soil types, their relative abundance was relatively low.

Key words: soil type, fungi, community diversity, southwestern China