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中国农学通报

中国农学通报 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (23): 60-67.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0758

• 资源·环境·生态·土壤·气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

植物覆盖对香蕉园土壤真菌多样性及群落结构的影响

张文龙1,2(), 王永芬3, 徐胜涛1(), 杨丽梅1, 周昀璠1, 李迅东1, 郑泗军1,4()   

  1. 1 云南省农业科学院，农业环境资源研究所，昆明 650205
    2 云南农业大学，植物保护学院，昆明 650201
    3 云南省农业科学院热带亚热带经济作物研究所，云南保山 678000
    4 国际生物多样性中心，昆明 650205
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-25 修回日期:2024-02-20 出版日期:2024-08-09 发布日期:2024-08-09
  • 通讯作者:
    徐胜涛，男，1986年出生，湖北郧西人，副研究员，博士，主要从事耕作制度与农业生态系统方面的研究。通信地址：650205 云南昆明盘龙区北京路2238号 云南省农业科学院，E-mail：；
    郑泗军，男，1963年出生，浙江松阳人，研究员，博士，主要从事农业生物多样性利用方面的研究。通信地址：650205 云南昆明盘龙区北京路2238号 云南省农业科学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    张文龙，男，1995年出生，山东潍坊人，博士研究生，研究方向：植物与微生物组互作。通信地址：650201 云南昆明云南农业大学 植物保护学院，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省农业基础研究联合专项“根际土壤微生物在香蕉枯萎病侵染后的响应特征与种群演替规律研究”(202101BD070001-001); 云南省兴滇英才支持计划“青年人才专项”(YNWR-QNBJ-2019-246); 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“植物覆盖对蕉园土壤微生物群落结构和生产力的影响机制”(31600349); 国家香蕉产业技术体系“红河试验站”和“保山试验站”(CARS-31-22)

Effect of Plant Coverage on the Diversity and Community Structure of Soil Fungi in Banana Cropping System

ZHANG Wenlong1,2(), WANG Yongfen3, XU Shengtao1(), YANG Limei1, ZHOU Yunfan1, LI Xundong1, ZHENG Sijun1,4()   

  1. 1 Agricultural Environment and Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205
    2 College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201
    3 Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Cash Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baoshan, Yunnan 678000
    4 Bioversity International, Kunming 650205
  • Received:2023-10-25 Revised:2024-02-20 Published:2024-08-09 Online:2024-08-09

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摘要：

高度集约化的农业措施致使蕉园土壤退化日趋严重，制约了中国香蕉产业的健康可持续发展。植物覆盖能够改善土壤理化性质，优化土壤微生物群落结构，是一种重要的改善农业生态系统土壤退化的耕作措施。本研究通过宽窄行种植方式，以传统的裸露土壤种植方式为对照，在宽行中人工种植大翼豆[Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb.]和自然生杂草为植物覆盖处理，通过连续定位试验，采集土壤样品并进行高通量测序，分析蕉园在植物覆盖下的土壤真菌多样性及群落结构的差异特征，以期探索蕉园土壤可持续利用种植模式。结果表明：蕉园植物覆盖处理下真菌群落组成差异显著，并随着覆盖年限增加呈现加强的趋势。根据FUNguild功能预测，与对照相比，大翼豆覆盖处理2019年和2020年Saprotroph_Symbiotroph真菌种群显著地(P≤0.05)增加，2020年Pathogen_Saprotroph真菌种落显著(P≤0.05)降低。共线性网络分析结果表明大翼豆覆盖处理与对照相比，群落复杂性无差异，但群落稳定性更高。同时核心物种无镰刀菌属ASVs，这可能反映了大翼豆覆盖可以减少镰刀属ASVs在群落中主导力，降低土传病害香蕉枯萎病的潜在发生风险。大翼豆处理有效提高了共生有益真菌群，减少了潜在的致病真菌群，有利于保持香蕉种植中的土壤健康。宽窄行与行间覆盖植物相结合的种植技术可有效改善土壤微生物多样性，有利于香蕉产业的可持续发展。

关键词: 覆盖作物, 香蕉, 土壤真菌, 多样性, 群落结构

Abstract:

Due to unreasonable agricultural practices, soil degradation in banana cropping system is becoming more and more serious, which restricts the healthy and sustainable development of banana industry in China. Plant coverage could improve soil physical and chemical properties and optimize soil microbial community structure, which is an important farming practice to improve soil degradation in agricultural ecosystems. In this study, through the wide-narrow row planting method, the traditional planting method with bare soil was used as control, cultivated saritro [Macroptilium atropurpureum (DC.) Urb.] and natural weeds in wide rows were used as plant coverage treatments. With continuous positioning experiments, based on the high-throughput sequencing of the collected soil samples, the differences in soil fungal diversity and community structure were analyzed with plant coverage treatments under banana cropping system, which would explore the sustainable utilization of soil in banana production. The results showed that there were significant differences in the composition of fungal communities under different plant coverage treatments in banana cropping system, and showed an increasing trend with the continuous of plant coverage. According to the function prediction of FUNguild, compared with the bare soil control, the Saprotroph Symbiotroph guilds in 2019 and 2020 increased significantly (P≤0.05), and the fungal community of Pathogen Saprotroph guilds in 2020 decreased significantly (P≤0.05). The results of co-occurrence network analysis showed that compared with the bare soil control, the community complexity was no difference in the plant coverage treatments, but the community stability was higher. However, the differences in the core microorganisms reflected that saritro treatment reduced the dominance of Fusarium ASV, which would reduce the risk of occurrence of soil-borne disease Fusarium wilt in banana. Saritro treatment effectively increased the symbiotic beneficial fungal guilds, reduced the potential pathogenic fungal guilds, which was beneficial to maintain soil health in banana cropping system. The planting mode combining wide and narrow rows with inter-row cover plants could effectively improve soil microbial diversity, which is conducive to sustainable development of banana industry.

Key words: cover plant, banana, soil fungi, diversity, community structure