不同浓度生石灰对池塘浮游生物的影响分析

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0508

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设置不同浓度的生石灰(0、50、100、150、200、250 mg/L)，对江西省水产科学研究所内的常见小型池塘进行帆布围格实验，测定其对池塘碱度、pH及浮游生物物种数、生物密度和多样性的影响。结果表明：施用生石灰后水体的碱度、pH有不同程度的增加，但施用1 d后的数值大于7 d后。各组共检测到浮游植物25个属种，隶属于绿藻门15属、蓝藻门6属、硅藻门3属、隐藻门1属，其中100 mg/L处理组生物量、生物密度最大，分别为422.45 mg/L、55.901×10⁴个/L，50 mg/L处理组多样性指数最佳。浮游动物隶属于6种属，含甲壳动物桡足类2种属、甲壳动物枝角类1种属、轮虫3种属，50 mg/L处理组生物密度、物种数、丰富度指数、香农-威纳指数均为最大，分别为1304.2个/L、5、1.3333及1.5596。综上，施用50 mg/L生石灰处理池塘水质对水体浮游生物最有利，且节约成本，可以为水产实践生石灰施用剂量提供参考。

关键词: 生石灰, 池塘, 浮游生物, 碱度, 多样性

Abstract:

Different concentration gradients (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mg/L) of quicklime were set to carry out canvas grid experiment in small ponds in Jiangxi Institute of Fisheries Science, and the effects of quicklime on the changes of pond alkalinity, pH, plankton species number, biological density and biodiversity were determined. The results showed that the alkalinity and pH of the pond were upgraded in different degrees after quicklime application, and the alkalinity and pH value after 1 day were higher than that after 7 days. A total of 25 species of phytoplankton were detected in all groups, belonging to 15 species of Chlorophyta, 6 species of Cyanophyta, 3 species of Bacillariophyta, and 1 species of Cryptophyta. The maximum biomass and biological density of phytoplankton in the 100 mg/L treatment group were 422.45 mg/L and 55.901×10⁴ cells/L, respectively, and the diversity index in the 50 mg/L treatment group was the maximum. There were 6 species of zooplankton, including 2 species of Copepods, 1 species of Cladocerans and 3 species of Rotifers. In the 50 mg/L treatment group, the biological density, species number, richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were the largest, which were 1304.2 cells/L, 5, 1.3333 and 1.5596, respectively. In conclusion, the application of 50 mg/L quicklime to splash pond is the most beneficial to plankton and cost saving, which can provide reference for quicklime application dosage in aquatic practice.

Key words: quicklime, pond, plankton, alkalinity, diversity

侯明勇, 陶志英, 陈文静, 徐先栋, 饶毅. 不同浓度生石灰对池塘浮游生物的影响分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 2024, 40(17): 158-164.

HOU Mingyong, TAO Zhiying, CHEN Wenjing, XU Xiandong, RAO Yi. Effect Analysis of Different Concentration of Quicklime on Pond Plankton[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(17): 158-164.

图/表 4

参考文献 32

[1]	董加沙, 何绪刚, 邓闵, 等. 二氧化氯对池塘水质和浮游生物群落结构的短期影响[J]. 淡水渔业, 2016, 46(2):74-81.
[2]	龚进玲, 李学梅, 何勇凤, 等. 青鱼—鲢、鳙生态池塘浮游生物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系[J]. 水产科学, 2022, 41(4):517-526.
[3]	王朋, 徐钢春, 聂志娟, 等. 大口黑鲈池塘工程化循环水养殖系统中溶解氧浓度变动规律及浮游动植物的响应特征[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2020, 48(2):177-183.
[4]	王大鹏, 何安尤, 韩耀全, 等. 碱度调节对凡纳滨对虾室内高密度养殖固定化微生物处理效果的影响[J]. 中国水产科学, 2014, 21(2):330-339.
[5]	EI-KASSAS H Y, GHARIB S M. Phytoplankton abundance and structure as indicator of water quality in the drainage system of the Burullus Lagoon, southern Mediterranean coast, Egypt[J]. Environmental monitoring & assessment, 2016, 188(9):530.
[6]	温旭, 马旭洲, 范伟, 等. 不同面积芦苇稻幼蟹塘浮游植物功能类群的结构特征[J]. 浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版), 2019, 45(1):85-94.
[7]	戴丹超. 宜兴滆湖地区河蟹生态养殖池塘水体理化及浮游生物指标的水质评价应用[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学,2020:37-38.
[8]	戴丹超, 马旭洲, 张勇, 等. 宜兴滆湖地区河蟹生态养殖池塘对水环境的影响[J]. 环境化学, 2019, 38(11):2573-2582.
[9]	陈建武, 朱永久, 赵建华, 等. 匙吻鲟混养池塘中浮游生物的变化[J]. 福建农林大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 41(4):503-508.
[10]	张勇. 施肥对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹池塘水质及浮游生物的影响[D]. 上海: 上海海洋大学,2019:31-34.
[11]	ZHANG Z, SHI Y, ZHANG J. Experimental observation on the efects of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) on the plankton and water quality in ponds[J]. Environmental science and pollution research, 2022, 29(37):56658-56675.
[12]	张韦, 吴会民, 蔡超, 等. 主养凡纳滨对虾池塘水体理化因子及浮游生物变化特征[J]. 经济动物学报, 2019, 23(1):29-35.
[13]	PAERL H W, HALL N S, PEIERLS B L, et al. Hydrologic variability and its control of phytoplankton community structure and function in two shallow, coastal, lagoonal ecosystems: The Neuse and New River Estuaries, North Carolina, USA[J]. Estuaries and coasts, 2014, 37(1):31-45.
[14]	中国水产养殖网. 生石灰在水产养殖中的妙用[J]. 农家之友, 2019(4):56-57.
[15]	程亚美, 赵金良, 宋凌元, 等. 盐度、碱度对尼罗罗非鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响[J]. 水产科学, 2020, 39(3):341-349.
[16]	FURTADO P S, POERSCH L H, WASIELESKY W. The effect of different alkalinity levels on Litopenaeus vannamei reared with biofloc technology (BFT)[J]. Aquaculture international, 2015, 23(1):345-358.
[17]	罗国芝, 陈晓庆, 谭洪新. 水产养殖水体循环利用过程中碱度的变化及调控[J]. 淡水渔业, 2018, 48(2):100-106.
[18]	王振华, 管崇武, 宋红桥, 等. 循环水养殖条件下溶解氧、碱度、固体总悬浮颗粒物对水体和罗非鱼肌肉中重金属含量的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2016, 32(32):34-41. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080023
[19]	CHEN Z, ZHAO D, LI M, et al. A field study on the effects of combined biomanipulation on the water quality of a eutrophic lake[J]. Environmental pollution, 2020, 265(Pt A):115091.
[20]	徐先栋, 王海华, 盛银平, 等. 太子河浮游植物初步调查及鲢鳙鱼产力评估[J]. 水生态学杂志, 2012, 33(4):84-89.
[21]	DAINES S J, CLARK J R, LENTON T M, et al. Multiple environmental controls on phytoplankton growth strategies determine adaptive responses of the N:P ratio[J]. Ecology letters, 2014, 17(4):414-425.
[22]	马放, 杨基先, 魏利, 等. 环境微生物图谱[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社, 2010.
[23]	周凤霞, 陈剑虹. 淡水微型生物与底栖动物图谱[M]. 北京: 化学工业出版社, 2011.
[24]	孙儒泳. 普通生态学[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社,1993.
[25]	STEVENSON R J, BENNETT B J, JORDAN D N, et al. Phosphorus regulates stream injury by filamentous green algae, DO, and pH with thresholds in responses[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2012, 695(1):25-42.
[26]	GONZÁLEZ-VERA C, BROWN J H. Effects of alkalinity and total hardness on growth and survival of postlarvae freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man 1879)[J]. Aquaculture, 2017,473:521-527.
[27]	TEMPONERAS M, KRISTIANSEN J, MOUSTAKA-GOUNI M. Seasonal variation in phytoplankton composition and physical-chemical features of the shallow Lake Doïrani, Macedonia, Greece[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2000, 424(1-3):109-122.
[28]	DENG J, QIN B, SARVALA J, et al. Phytoplankton assemblages respond differently to climate warming and eutrophication: A case study from Pyhjrvi and Taihu[J]. Journal of great lakes research, 2016, 42(2):386-396.
[29]	SIDDIKA F, SHAHJAHAN M, RAHMAN M S. Abundance of plankton population densities in relation to bottom soil textural types in aquaculture ponds[J]. International journal of agricultural research innovation and technology, 2013, 2(1):56-60.
[30]	JEPPENSEN E, MEERHOFF M, HOLMGREN K, et al. Impacts of climate warming on lake fish community structure and potential effects on ecosystem function[J]. Hydrobiologia, 2010, 646(1):73-90.
[31]	杨威, 孙雨琛, 张婷婷, 等. 富营养化对小型湖泊浮游甲壳动物群落结构及多样性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2020, 40(14):4874-4882.
[32]	RUANGSOMBOON S, GANMANEE M, CHOOCHOTE S. Effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron concentrations and salinity on lipid production in newly isolated strain of the tropical green microalga, Scenedesmus dimorphus KMITL[J]. Journal of applied phycology, 2013, 25(3):867-874.

分类	门类	种类	0 mg/L	50 mg/L	100 mg/L	150 mg/L	200 mg/L	250 mg/L
浮游植物	绿藻门 Chlorophyta	小空星藻Coelastrummicroporum	+ +	+ +	+ + + +	+		+ + +
		砧状四角藻Tetraedron incus		+ +	+	+
		新月肾形藻Nephrocytiumlunatum		+
		鼓藻属Cosmarium	+ +	+		+ +	+	+ +
		十字藻属Crucigenia		+
		单角盘星藻Pediastrum simplex		+
		狭形纤维藻Ankistrodesmusangustus		+
		二角盘星藻Pediastrum duplex		+
		粗肾形藻Nephrocytiumobesum		+		+
		小球藻属Chlorella		+	+	+ +	+ +
		隆顶栅藻Scenedesmus protuberans		+
		栅藻属Scenedesmus			+
		纤维藻属Ankistrodesmus				+ +
		针形纤维藻Ankistrodesmusacicularis				+ +
		空球藻属Eudorina	+				+
	蓝藻门 Cyanophyta	色球藻属Chroococcus		+	+	+	+ + +
		小席藻Phormidiumtenus	+ + + +	+		+	+ +
		平裂藻属Merismopedia		+
浮游植物	蓝藻门 Cyanophyta	尖头藻属Raphidiopsis	+	+				+ +
		席藻属Phormidium						+ +
		湖沼色球藻Chroococcuslimneticus	+
	硅藻门 Bacillariophyta	肘状针杆藻 Synedra ulna		+
		脆杆藻属 Fragilaria		+
		尖针杆藻Synedra acus	+
	隐藻门Cryptophyta	蓝隐藻属Chroomonas		+		+		+ +
浮游动物	甲壳动物桡足类 Copepods	剑水蚤Cyclops	+ + + +	+ +				+ + +
	甲壳动物桡足类 Copepods	无节幼体Nauplius		+ +	+ +	+ + + +
	甲壳动物枝角类 Cladocerans	长额象鼻溞Bosmina longirostris						+ +
	轮虫类 Rotifer	萼花臂尾轮虫Brachionuscalyciflorus	+ +	+ +	+ + + +	+ + + +	+ +	+ +
		长肢多肢轮虫Polyarthradolichoptera		+ +	+ +
		卜氏晶囊轮虫Asplanchnabrightwelli	+ + +	+ +	+ +		+ + + +	+ + + +

分类	门类	种类	0 mg/L	50 mg/L	100 mg/L	150 mg/L	200 mg/L	250 mg/L
浮游植物	绿藻门 Chlorophyta	小空星藻Coelastrummicroporum	+ +	+ +	+ + + +	+		+ + +
		砧状四角藻Tetraedron incus		+ +	+	+
		新月肾形藻Nephrocytiumlunatum		+
		鼓藻属Cosmarium	+ +	+		+ +	+	+ +
		十字藻属Crucigenia		+
		单角盘星藻Pediastrum simplex		+
		狭形纤维藻Ankistrodesmusangustus		+
		二角盘星藻Pediastrum duplex		+
		粗肾形藻Nephrocytiumobesum		+		+
		小球藻属Chlorella		+	+	+ +	+ +
		隆顶栅藻Scenedesmus protuberans		+
		栅藻属Scenedesmus			+
		纤维藻属Ankistrodesmus				+ +
		针形纤维藻Ankistrodesmusacicularis				+ +
		空球藻属Eudorina	+				+
	蓝藻门 Cyanophyta	色球藻属Chroococcus		+	+	+	+ + +
		小席藻Phormidiumtenus	+ + + +	+		+	+ +
		平裂藻属Merismopedia		+
浮游植物	蓝藻门 Cyanophyta	尖头藻属Raphidiopsis	+	+				+ +
		席藻属Phormidium						+ +
		湖沼色球藻Chroococcuslimneticus	+
	硅藻门 Bacillariophyta	肘状针杆藻 Synedra ulna		+
		脆杆藻属 Fragilaria		+
		尖针杆藻Synedra acus	+
	隐藻门Cryptophyta	蓝隐藻属Chroomonas		+		+		+ +
浮游动物	甲壳动物桡足类 Copepods	剑水蚤Cyclops	+ + + +	+ +				+ + +
	甲壳动物桡足类 Copepods	无节幼体Nauplius		+ +	+ +	+ + + +
	甲壳动物枝角类 Cladocerans	长额象鼻溞Bosmina longirostris						+ +
	轮虫类 Rotifer	萼花臂尾轮虫Brachionuscalyciflorus	+ +	+ +	+ + + +	+ + + +	+ +	+ +
		长肢多肢轮虫Polyarthradolichoptera		+ +	+ +
		卜氏晶囊轮虫Asplanchnabrightwelli	+ + +	+ +	+ +		+ + + +	+ + + +